Marketing in Healthcare Industry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Promoting in Healthcare Industry - Term Paper Example A promoting administrator ought to comprehend the goals of the firm when all is said in done and think of a corporate advertising procedure which should address the item, conveyance channels and strategies to be utilized. A vital promoting plan starts by concocting a vital specialty unit that is autonomous dependent on the executives, access to assets, rivalry, clients and situating system. The significant components that one spotlights on incorporate distinguishing proof of the venture, circumstance investigation, concocting techniques and control foundation all in a vital specialty unit. An advertising plan by and large includes a depiction of the item based on any particular highlights introduced, a spending plan for completing the mindfulness which incorporates the adverts and limited time exercises, evaluating systems which rely upon the expense of creation, showcase division and a full portrayal of business area. Vital advertising ought to likewise concentrate on the business c ondition which right off the bat will focus on the financial variable which will survey whether the economy is in downturn or in extension (Berkowitz, 2011). Furthermore, methodology will examinations the effects of mechanical on the speed, procedures, creation and market and attempt to remember this for promoting plan. The third factor is political intercession which centers around guidelines, charges, revealing necessities and how these impact promoting systems. Another factor to consider is the social components which identifies with the impression of a specific item in various social decent varieties. These are mental variables that modify the interest patters and the market elements achieving an adjustment in the benefits of a firm. At long last, the key showcasing should concentrate on inside survey process. This checks the administration and data frameworks, rivalry, financial plans, appropriation channels, showcase plan, deals projections, cost examination and a general prev iew of the advertising plan. Before a buyer can think of a buy, different elements both inner and outer impact the dynamic procedure. An individual can decide to buy an item not on the grounds that it is required but since of an observation that it is helpful. The shopper conduct is controlled by interior factors, for example, sentiments, tastes and inclinations, while outside elements identify with advertisements, the promoting capacities of the firm or coupons mirroring the item. Be that as it may, beginning aim must be made before a buyer can make a buy. The decision caused will to be affected by the expense of the item and on assessment or perception on the nature of the thing being referred to (Berkowitz, 2011). An individual may likewise decide to purchase an item out of past fulfillment on the utilization of the thing. Organizations might be intrigued to guarantee that merchandise being delivered for selling ought not make subjective cacophony with respect to the purchaser wh ich decides buy esteem. The showcasing methodology to be embraced by an ordinary business venture is not the same as that to be utilized by a medicinal services industry. This is on the grounds that the objective populace is unique. While the business concentrated on the general shopper, the social insurance concentrated on a constrained class, for example, the matured, the wiped out and those needing clinical consideration. For this situation, their methodology is limited on that business

Transformative Leadership

Transformative Leadership in a Nonprofit Organization Yulanda Harris EDD8100 †Foundations of Educational Leadership and Management 1 April 21, 2013 Capella University Abstract A transformative pioneer is a pioneer who can realize powerful change in others. These pioneers not just change fundamental change, they change the manner in which we think and act. Transformative pioneers make practices and procedures in associations proactively. Moreover, transformative pioneers can be found at various levels in an organization.They can hold the title extending from manager to official executive. This article basically centers around the difficulties looked by the Training and Development (T&D) Specialist, who is fit for assisting with rolling out basic improvements and support transformational administration at Presbyterian Villages of Michigan (PVM). Presentation The reason for philanthropic associations is to offer projects and administrations to help people in general. Presbyteri an Villages of Michigan (PVM) is a religious, charitable organization.PVM offers quality senior living lodging and administrations, offering a wide scope of private help alternatives including lofts, condos, helped living, and talented nursing care (Presbyterian Villages of Michigan, 2013). The perfect administration style is that of a Servant Leader. As indicated by Robert Greenleaf, hireling administration is a way of thinking and set of practices that enhances the lives of people, assembles better associations and eventually makes an all the more just and caring world (Greenleaf, 1991).In differentiation or a greater similitude practice, transformative authority can change hierarchical culture and impact work fulfillment of the representatives. Be that as it may, the bosses and administrators have all the earmarks of being separated or a hole introduces itself inside the association. In this way, it was important to start the excursion of directing exploration inside the associat ion. As on account of activity explore as indicated by Joe Donaldson, the T&D master must have a specific point of view about what is happening inside the association (Donaldson and Francis, 2013). Creating Transformative Managers and SupervisorsTransforming the chiefs and administrators is a progressing procedure essentially in light of the fact that the person have not had any conventional preparing on authority. Commonly as grown-up students, we bring information, aptitudes, and capacities from past encounters to the learning condition (Wainright, York and Woodward, 2012). In any case, concerning the chiefs and administrators at PVM they have next to no understanding of authority to bring into the learning condition. They know about procedure and methodology in this way; this is what was predicated on their special open doors with the organization.In different words they were advanced into their job base on their exhibition. Be that as it may, they need information in the zon e concentrating on conduct matters and how to mentor or build up the line staff. To start the way toward creating transformative pioneers, the T&D pro uses the ADDIE technique to finish a valuation of the preparation needs of the association to decide whether preparing is the best outcome to address the issues of the absence of administration among the directors and supervisors.It is basic to start the procedure by posing inquiries that will build up their capacity to start and oversee change in their specialization alongside creating inventive ways to deal with help solid group authority and development. This will permit the chiefs and managers assemble attachment among one another and enhance authoritative proficiency. Coming up next are questions that are asked during the investigation stage using the ADDIE approach. 1. What inspirations you to lead a group? 2. What are a few difficulties you have looked as a director or chief? 3. How might you portray your authority style? . What administration qualities do you esteem about yourself? 5. What difficulties do you face in your everyday activities with your representatives? 6. How might you depict your dynamic procedure. For instance, when your staff comes to you with an issue, how would you go to an answer? The above inquiries refered to the significance of enabling others, rousing others, appointment, cooperation, coaching others. In the event that directors and chiefs are to become transformative pioneers they should address those inquiries (Lansford, Clements, Falzon, Aish and Rogers, 2010).The objective is to have administrators and managers feeling equipped for arriving at the correct choices freely with the objective of having their group to like their commitments. Moreover, the T&D pro is guaranteeing the strategic estimations of the association will influence the chiefs and directors thinking and the executives style. Subsequently they will change hierarchical culture and motivate work fulfill ment of the representatives. The directors and chiefs should frame a genuine model, self-assurance and see needs of the staff.This implies they can spur the staff by their activities and words, notwithstanding guaranteeing their reliability to PVM. Subsequently new preparing programs are made to create procedures where new skills are being educated. This will permit directors and managers increase significant bits of knowledge and find new chances to adjust their activity or profession fulfillment and execution with the organization’s results and achievement (Wainright, York and Woodward, 2012). References: Presbyterian Villages of Michigan. (2013). Welcome to Presbyterian Villages of Michigan! Recovered from www. pvm. organization Greenleaf, R. K. (1991). The worker as leader.Indianapolis, IN: The Robert K. Greenleaf Center. [Originally distributed in 1970, by Robert K. Greenleaf]. Recovered from http://www. greenleaf. organization/Donaldson, J. , and Francis, B. (2013). Con verstion about research. Recovered from www. capella. edu Wainright, C. , York, G. , and Woodward, B. (n. d. ). A transformative system for. (2012). The Journal of Health Administration Education, 40-70. Lansford, M. , Clements, V. , Falzon, T. , Aish, D. , and Rogers, R. (n. d. ). Fundamental authority characteristics of female administrators in the non-benefit area. (2010). The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 6(1), 51-62.

The Diversity Myth Where Have All The Black Editors Gone

The Diversity Myth Where Have All The Black Editors Gone Much like this year’s blindingly white selection of Oscar nominees, the overt lack of diverse representation in the publishing world isn’t limited to authors and their books. The Black editor attempting to navigate the intricacies of the corporate publishing system is, by default, a unicorn, simply because Black voices are routinely undervalued and dismissed. In the eyes of white publishing, the universality of a narrative is dependent upon its connection to whiteness. The default modus operandi in publishing is that of the white gaze, where the white protagonist is held as the standard of authenticity, likability, and familiarity. Narratives that defy this white-centered tradition are considered Other. Fiction that prominently focuses on the lives of Black characters are often shelved in the “African-American Fiction” section, as though fiction that casts a spotlight on Black characters is a deviation from the expected norm. Books such as The Coldest Winter Ever are peddled to the public by hungry publicists as “street lit,” a term for stories about Black people set in an urban environment. The word diversity has become a circular conversation piece that separates those involved into two different camps: POC writers, agents, editors, and readers who demand equal representation and hold the industry accountable, posited against  white writers, agents, editors, and readers who refuse to bend, who deny maintaining a system of exclusivity. These are the same white publishing executives who want to benefit off diversity, but do not possess self-awareness. They want to reap the monetary rewards of bowing to diversity without changing their all-white masthead. They want the credit and the positive publicity without implementing changes. They are so trapped in their fear of the unknown and love of the almighty dollar that they would rather sacrifice talented writers at the altar of consumerism.   I know what they’d say: We only pick the best people for the job. We didn’t have any minorities apply. We just want someone who fits into our work culture, regardless of race. These are all lies, fairy tales, and fallacies to deflect the issue. Some would like to argue that the lack of Black editors is not the fault of the industry itself, that the low turnout is simply a reflection of the overall tastes of Black people. They find convenient excuses to hide behind like titanium armor, refusing to believe that the current model rewards those who have the privilege to access (internships, a liberal arts institution with a hefty price tag, industry networking) deemed necessary to even earn an entry-level position. It’s not that Black people aren’t interested in literature or adding their own contributions. Rather, its the people in positions of power, the so-called gatekeepers, the all-white publication mastheads, and their reluctance fueled by either ignorance or racism or some combination thereof, that effectively derails both opportunity and career mobility. I cannot help but think of Kiese Laymon’s brilliant essay, “You Are The Second Person,” which originally appeared on Guernica. The essay, told in second-person POV, recounts Laymon’s rough and uncomfortable road to publishing his first novel, Long Division. The novel is a coming-of-age tale in which a young, Southern Black boy named City Coldson inherits a strange book which allows him to time travel. Despite some of the harrowing moments of the story, including encounters with Klan members, the story is humorous, utilizing AAVE and modern slang to emphasize the City’s youth and upbringing. Unfortunately, Laymon’s editor didn’t think that the “race issue” was an essential element of the novel. The editor exposes his myopic vision in a slightly reprimanding e-mail: The success of your book will be partially dependent on readers who have a different sensibility than your intended audienceAs I’ve already said to you, too many sections of the book feel forced for the purpose of discussing racial politics. Think social media. Think comment sections. Those white people buy books, too, bro. Readers, especially white readers, are tired of black writers playing the wrong race card. If you’re gonna play it (and I think you should) play it right. Look at Tarrantino [sic]. He is about to fool all these people into believing they were watching a black movie with Django. I guarantee you that whiteness will anchor almost every scene. That’s one model you should think about.” What’s even more shocking (heartbreaking) is that this editor was not white, but Black. He later goes on to say that “black men don’t read” and that “bougie black women love plot.” Then, after getting fired from his original company and joining an unnamed Top Five Publisher, he crawls back to Laymon, acting as both advocate and naysayer. He tells Laymon, “Does the narrator really need to be a black boy? Real black writers adjust to the market, bro.” In order to be a “real” black author, it seems that one must adopt the colorblind philosophy and write with both hands tied behind one’s back. In order to be a “real” black author, one must appease whiteness, feed it tenderly like a feral dog, coddle it like a crying newborn. Ultimately, Laymon parted ways with his editor and reworked his novel, then sent it out again. It was eventually picked up by Agate Bolden and published to critical acclaim. As a working writer and editor who is also the result of an interracial marriage (Black and Asian, for inquiring minds), I was disgusted by the treatment Laymon received. I’d experienced, to a degree, the same treatment. When I finished my literary fiction novel about a Black girl in her freshman year of college who must come to terms with her racial identity, I was told to “stop focusing so much on race. The novel can’t just be about the girl being Black.” I was told by multiple white agents that the story wasnt marketable, that it wasn’t “relatable,” that the editors couldn’t understand the character or her motivations. They wanted it to have “universal” appeal. It should be noted that none of them had a problem with the actual quality of my writing. I was a great writer, they said, but who would buy a book about a Black girl dealing with race and racism? I could remain silent and take the crumbs and table scraps handed to me. Pretend to be so desperate and grateful that I will drop an entire project to suit the needs of the white gaze. Sell a bunch of books and silence myself in the process, fade into the shadows, write with a hollow heart. In his essay, “Self Portrait Of The Artist As Ungrateful Black Writer,” poet and BuzzFeed Literary Editor, Saeed Jones, discusses what it means to be a Black, gay writer in an industry that is 89% white. He writes, “You can make yourself crazy simply by paying attentionit’s difficult for me to speak up in the moment, or even months later, because I want to have a career, not just one bookI have no desire to burn bridges, but there are so many of us stumbling and bumping into each other along unlit paths.” I have no intentions of burning bridges, but I am tired. And I’m tired of feeling that speaking out against industry microaggressions and blatant racism will blacklist me for life, make me a persona non grata in publishing. As Jones says, I’m no longer settling for the smile and dance of “just happy to be here.”

A Look Into Advanced Maternal Age Pregnancies - 1370 Words

A Necessary Timeline? A Look into Advanced Maternal Age Pregnancies Krystie Johnson, SRN Unitek College â€Å"Children learn more from what you are than what you teach,† W.E.B DuBois. If this statement is true, then one could say that becoming pregnant and starting a family later in life would be beneficial to the growth of a child. A woman over 35 would have lived more, had more life experience, and in most cases, be a more mature, stable person. However, society and medical books would say differently. As so many remind those creeping up on thirty who are childless about their â€Å"ticking biological clock†, we fight as a society to what is the norm and what is the best for our lives. So, what is a biological clock, and†¦show more content†¦Within society there are many issues that are considered when one looks at maternal ages. To start, socio-economic, educational, and emotional are just a few factors that come into play. As an observer, I have seen every one of the above examples and the coordinating maternal ages. In seeing my mother, who became pregnant at sixteen, after dropping out of high school and then in the opposition, her sister, who graduated from college, waited until thirty-two to have her first child, and had her last at forty. During the years my mother was raising children she was growing up herself, all the while my aunt was traveling overseas, building a career, and establishing her life. The two examples had starkly different educational experiences and their maternal ages varied as well. Additionally, while my mother had four pregnancies with limited complications, my aunt had six, and many complications as her age advanced. As supported within research it is stated of the upcoming generation, â€Å"Millennials appear to exhibit a lag in adopting the activity patterns of predecessor generations due to delayed lifecycle milestones (e.g. completing their education, getting jobs, marrying, and having children) and lingeringShow MoreRelatedGestational Diabetes Mellitus Research Paper1541 Words   |  7 PagesSociet y looks at Pregnancy as an amazing and exciting time for women and their families. However women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus can experience an increased amount of stressors not only physical but, emotionally and socially. Physically GDM causes increased blood sugar levels which can have dangerous and harmful effects on both mother and infant. New to be mothers can have a hard time understanding and coping with their pregnancy and condition if not supported correctly by healthcareRead MorePostpartum Depression : A Type Of Depression2258 Words   |  10 Pagesreview the literature on postpartum depression and how it relates to John Bowlby’s theory of attachment. Bowlby’s theory focuses on the attachment being an innate and that mothers and infants need to stay close with one another (McLeod, 2007). As an advanced practice nurse, being able to understand, diagnose and treat women with postpartum depression is important as if diagnosed early, it is a ver y treatable illness with positive outcomes. Keywords: John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory, Postpartum DepressionRead MoreEducating Teen Mothers1488 Words   |  6 Pages(tooth decay) is the most common chronic disease of childhood, affecting 50% of all children. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major oral health problem, especially in lower income populations.   ECC refers to any tooth decay in children under the age of 5 years (71 months).   ECC is caused by a combination of microbial, dietary, and environmental factors; this paper will focus on microbial factors.   Risk factors for ECC include improper feeding practices, lack of parental education, and lack of accessRead MoreNicu Clinical Report : Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Doctors1884 Words   |  8 Pagesconditions have a high risk for many cognitive, neuromotor, and social-emotional issues. It is highly recommended to conduct a premature prompt developmental and therapeutic intervention minimizing neurodevelopmental risk. 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The problem with the current form of obstetrical care in the United States is the uncritical acceptance of an unscientific method: the routine use of interventionist obstetrics for healthy women with normal pregnancies in contrast to a midwifery model of care for pregnant women. Should the medical establishment and insurance companies accept midwifery, as a whole, for low-risk pregnant women? In order to answer this question one must examine the history of midwivesRead MoreSymptoms, Risks, And Treatments1936 Words   |  8 PagesImagine being midway through your pregnancy and still experiencing swelling your lower legs, constant weight gain and dull, throbbing migraine-like headaches that make it almost impossible to see anything. You can t stand the smell of your favorite perfume or even your favorite food; your still nauseous and occasionally end up vomiting. Walking up the steps to your house makes you out of breath, and the baby seems to be laying directly in your ribs so abdominal and back pain is a constant reminderRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-Hispanic white children 30% more likely to have a diagnosis of ASD compared to black, non-Hispanic children, and 50% more likely compared to Hispanic children7. In addition, while the majority of parents have concerns before 36 months4, the median age of diagnosis is found to be 4 years6,7. While younger children may have symptoms of ASD, it is typically not recognized until they are older. This may be partly because although better screening tools allow clinicians to be more accurate and testRead MorePregnancy Long Case Is A 44 Year Old Woman Who Presents7320 Words   |  30 PagesPregnancy Long Case M.P is a 44 year old woman who presents at 39+5 gestation. Section 1 Task 1 Obstetric History Current Pregnancy History of Presenting Complaint Planned induction of labour on the 28/7/15 Gestational age of the fetus M.P’s first day of her last menstrual period (LMP) was the 20/11/2014. The estimated date of delivery (EDD) was determined using Naegele’s rule, which calculated EDD as the 27/8/15. This was refuted by an ultrasound at 8 weeks gestation to measure crown rump lengthRead MoreReflection: Childbirth and Vital Signs Essay2089 Words   |  9 Pagespostnatal period, using a reflective cycle as a guide. The author will firstly discuss reflection and its implications in midwifery practice. Teekman (2000) states reflecting on one’s professional practice as self-empowering as it provides us with a look into personal understanding and control. It is believed that if us as midwives are given the opportunity to reflect upon our professional practice, that this will aid us in enhancing our professional practice and enable us to become better practitioners

Disability Discrimination - 2657 Words

Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in the workplace and its effect on employment Introduction The act was introduced with the view to eliminate discrimination amongst disabled people in employment, throughout the assignment I will critically analyse the different areas of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and find out what effect they have had on disabled people in employment. Definition of disability A disabled person is someone who has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day to day activities (section 1 (1) DDA 1995). The disability discrimination act 1995 was introduced to outlaw discrimination against disabled employees in the UK and covers†¦show more content†¦By taking these steps the employer could be sure they have done all they can for the employee and safeguard themselves from any legal action as their dismissal would be justified. Disability related discrimination Section 3A(1) of the Disability Discrimination Act states that an employer discriminates against a disabled person if the discrimination is related to the persons disability or if the treatment they receive differs from the treatment of persons without a disability unless the employer can actually justify the less favourable treatment. In Jones v Post office (2001) Mr Jones worked as a driver for the postal service when he developed diabetes. After discovering his disability Mr Jones’s employers removed him from his driving duties for health and safety issues, as their policy was that any drivers receiving insulin treatment should not carry on in their existing role in case they suffered a hypo attack whilst driving. After reviewing their decision they allowed Mr Jones to return back to his driving duties limiting his driving hours to two hours in any twenty four. Mr Jones was unhappy at this decision and went to the Employment tribunal who accepted Mr Jones’s claim of disability discrimination on the basis that the limiting his driving hours was not justified. The tribunalShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Of Individuals With Disabilities1360 Words   |  6 Pages Discrimination of Individuals with Disabilities in the Nonprofit Sector E. Isabelle Barbancourt Florida Atlantic University Abstract Although the topic of discrimination has been covered in various settings, there is still a need to do more research on discrimination that affect people who have disabilities in order to effectively educate and prevent discrimination workplace settings. This research will explore the prevalence of discrimination in nonprofit organizations and organizational costsRead MoreDisability Discrimination In The Workplace1439 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years, the workplace has experienced several instances of discrimination. In attempt to stop the discrimination, Title VII was passed. Although Title VII helped employers in terms of race, color, gender, religion and national origin, those who had disabilities continued to face the frustration of disability barriers in the workplace, given disability was not one of the listed protected classes. Employers abstained from hiring the disabled in fear of them not being able to perform at theRead MoreComplaint Of Discrimination Based On Disability849 Words   |  4 PagesThis letter is written to respond to your complaint of discrimination based on disability that was received on August 20, 2014. Your complaint written on behalf of your mother who is a client of the Portland West Aging Services Program asserts that your mother has been discriminated against by her caseworker when her caseworker told you that your mother’s services would be different if she were not schizophrenic. Your mother’s Client Assessment and Planning System (CA/PS) assessment was completedRead MoreDisability Discrimination : Disabled People With Disabilities1686 Words   |  7 PagesFaris English IV 16 May 2017 Disability Discrimination In 2010, 19% of the U.S. population had a disability (â€Å"Nearly 1 in 5 People Have a Disability in the U.S., Census Bureau Reports†) and there is no doubt that today, in 2017, that number has increased. The first act that protected the civil rights of people with disabilities was not passed until 1973 (â€Å"What U.S. federal legislation protects the rights of students with disabilities?†). In 2015, there were 26,968 disability cases received by the EEOCRead MoreThe Discrimination Of People With Disabilities Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesOne big issue is the discrimination of people with disabilities. Abelism is an ongoing issue in the world today, which can happen in many places. Through the concepts of stereotypes, social environment, pain, minority groups, health beliefs, people with disabilities are constantly being discriminated in the world which is a big problem looking at it from a sociological view. One of the biggest issues we have in the world is the i ssue of abelism in the workplace. Discrimination is the â€Å"unequal treatmentRead MoreEssay on Disability Discrimination Act1408 Words   |  6 PagesDisability Discrimination Act This act was passed in 1995. The disability act protects disabled people in: * Employment * Access to goods, facilities and services * The management, buying or renting of land or property * Education The DDA covers a disability which people: * Have now, * Had in the past (for example: a past episode of mental illness), * May have in the future (e.g.: a family history of a disability whichRead MoreDiscrimination Against People With Disabilities1729 Words   |  7 Pages People with Disabilities Mental and physical disabilities are often not well understood. With lack of understanding comes discrimination against people with disabilities. However a growing trend of awareness from the media, advocate groups and development of legal mechanisms have helped provide justice to these people and continues to improve the situation. 18.5% of Australia’s population (4.2million Australians) has a disability. This is a surprisingly large number, however only about 6% of theRead MoreDisability Discrimination And Americans With Disability Act ( Ada )1983 Words   |  8 Pageshis/her disability in various areas of their lives. Today, discrimination against disability has become a complete law by which a person can sue the other party for being discriminated on any impairment. In the United States, the law is covered by Americans with Disability Act (ADA). The law prevents one party (specifically employers) to discriminate other party (particularly employees) on the basis of their p hysical impairments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze disability discriminationRead MoreThe People With Disability Will Face Discrimination1347 Words   |  6 Pageswhether it is industry or business, the people with disability will face discrimination. Stereotypical thinking is that people with physical disability cannot do much of work. Even though in this digital and machine world where less physical work required, though the disabled persons find difficulties. Most questionable thing is that, physically disabled persons who are entrepreneurs, they run their own business but they initially had faced discrimination in the professional world even though they haveRead MoreHow Does The National Disability Discrimination Act Define A Disability?1094 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes the National Disability Discrimination Act define a disability? â€Å"The definition of disability’ used in the Act is broad. It includes physical, intellectual, psychiatric, sensory, neurological and learning disabilities. It also includes physical disfigurements and the presence of disease-causing organisms, such as the HIV virus. The Act covers disabilities that people have now, had in the past, may have in the future or which they are believed to have.† What types of disability are recognised

Trade vs. Protectionism Free Essays

string(45) " by imposing economic barriers and policies\." Arjan Chhatwal Poli 305/4 ID: 6178332 International Political Economy Prof. E. Bloodgood Trade vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Trade vs. Protectionism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Protectionism Trade between countries has been going on for centuries. Movement of goods and services began as a mean for nations to obtain what they couldn’t produce themselves. With the introduction of Ricardo’s â€Å"comparative advantage† – which illustrated how all countries that participate in trade benefit from it-, trade began to focus on what a country is better at producing a product or a service and which country can produce it at a lower cost. Nowadays, developed countries and international organization promote free trade, open borders, and liberalization of the market intensively. However, many of those core countries also practice protectionism in order to shield their industry from foreign competition. This poses a great problem to developing countries which are forced by core countries to practice free trade but would actually benefit from protectionist measures. In order to represent this situation, I will analyze the economic situation of two countries with very different economies: Pakistan, representing the developing countries and the United States, which represent the developed countries. I will compare their economic situation and policies under the Bush administration and Musharaf’s government. In this essay, I will demonstrate that our international economic system is very hypocritical in the sense that the countries that would benefit from and help other countries by practicing free trade are practicing protectionism, and those who would benefit from protectionism are forced to implement free trade policies. First, I will observe and describe those two main economic policies: protectionism and free trade. Then I will concentrate on the economic situation in Pakistan and the United States in order to illustrate what use countries are making of free trade and protectionism and, on the other hand, what face they are showing to the world. Free Trade: A Market Model of Deregulation Free trade is a market model which promotes trade liberalization by the reduction of trade barriers. This model was promoted by the economist David Ricardo in the late 18th century and beginning of the 19th century. He coined the â€Å"comparative advantage† theory. Comparative advantage† is a theory that promotes free trade by demonstrating how trade between countries benefits all parties because of the different opportunity costs. Every country can produce a good at a cheaper price than another country and has to focus on producing and exporting that particular good. If all countries do so and specialize in the production of the good that is cheaper to produce in their country, they can trade thos e products with each other at lower costs than if they produced all of the goods themselves. Practicing free trade means the abandonment of government restrictions in the flow of goods, workers and services across borders. Those restrictions include taxes, quotas, tariffs, and subsidies. This economic model is based on deregulation and on the elimination of binding rules on corporations. Free trade also prohibits government to give financial advantages to businesses through tax cuts in order to make them more competitive against foreign industries. This results in the elimination of monopolies and oligopolies in countries by allowing full competition. However, negative outcomes of economic deregulation includes less respect and commitment to health, labor, and environmental laws and can help multinationals outcompete smaller local industries. Another important aspect of the free trading model is the principle of Most Favored Nation which basically requires all members of trading agreements to treat other members equally. Nowadays, the biggest promoter of Free Trade is the World Trade Organization, which claims that removing trade barriers would lead to the end of poverty around the world. The WTO argues that in opposition to free trade, protectionism doesn’t help promoting economic expansion. Free trade policies, it is argued by the WTO and major developed countries, promote growth. The free trade model is used by the WTO to rescue developing countries and help them develop economically more efficiently. This means that in order to receive money from the WTO, developing countries are required to follow â€Å"adjustment policies†, also know as â€Å"structural adjustments†. Those policies all push towards economic liberalization. They include cutting back on social spending, devaluation of the currency, trade liberalization, removing price control and subsidies and privatization, better governance and elimination of corruption. The WTO argues that the benefits that the countries will get from free trade outweigh those costs, which include poverty and environmental costs just to name a few. The WTO actually admits that in the short-term, free trade will lead to inequalities but in the end, the wealth accumulated by the big businesses will trickle down and most people will benefit from the free trade model. However, as J. W. Smith argues: â€Å"That current free trade is just as unequal as the mercantilist trade it replaced is easily demonstrated. The structural adjustments imposed upon weak nations as necessary for free trade are the opposite policies under which every successful nation developed. That they developed under the philosophies of Adam Smith is a myth designed to hide a continuation of plunder through unequal trades. †[1] The paradox here is that, more and more, the developed countries who promote free trade actually practice protectionism. The problem is that free trade can only lead to fair trade if every country practices it, especially core countries that have the means to practice free trade. Nowadays, however, developed countries promote free trade and force developing countries to practice it but they themselves hypocritically practice protectionism. This penalizes poor countries who are not ready for the global market yet. It is also often noted that even if poor countries practice free trade, it won’t necessary lead to major successes. It obviously results in higher income but social inequalities remain in most cases. This can be called â€Å"Growth without social development†, and free trade is obviously not solving this tendency. Protectionism: A Regulatory Economic Policy Protectionism is an economic policy which restricts trade between countries by imposing economic barriers and policies. You read "Trade vs. Protectionism" in category "Papers" We usually tend to believe that protectionism is only a question of tariffs. However, government do have ccess to many other tools to protect their industries, including quotas, government regulations such as anti-dumping laws to protect domestic industries from competition of foreign enterprises, trade restrictions and exchange rate manipulation. Those policies make the production of goods cheaper for the industry that is granted the money or the preferential treatment. Domestic industries can therefore sell their product outside of the country for cheaper. In tha t perspective, pprotectionism is an isolationist doctrine which, some argue, leads to unfair competition. The main goal of protectionism is to handicap foreign industry. This economic model is associated with neo-mercantilism, which main objective is to maintain a positive trade balance. Protectionism is often practiced by countries that seem to be free-traders, such as the United States and the UK, in order to protect their favorite or influential industries. â€Å"Rich countries’ protectionism† includes subsidies to local industries such as agriculture and textiles. Core countries have the funds to practice that kind of protectionism while developing countries that would actually benefit from protectionism are asked to deregulate their economy. â€Å"UNCTAD estimated that rolling back [rich country] protectionism in this area could create additional export earnings of up to $700 billion for developing countries, to be realizable over a 10-year period. This is less than 5 per cent of the combined GDP of industrial countries, but could absorb an important part of unemployed labour in the South and generate a vent for surplus†[2]. It is often argued that developed countries are taking away from developing countries what helped them develop their own economy: protectionism policies. Protectionism is necessary to economic development in the sense that it helps build a strong foundation for a strong economy. Protectionism is essential for any developing countries to help their infant industries develop; become mature and competitive for the international market. It is hard for countries to enter market if they are forced to practice free trade; they may need help of protectionism policies in order to protect their infant new industries. The United States’ economy is a perfect example of what â€Å"rich countries’ protectionism† is. By examining its situation, it is easy to understand how developed countries show the face of a free trading nation but practice protectionism interiorly. The United States: The Face of a Free Trading Nation? The United States have always been a model of a Free Trade economy and have always promoted economic liberalization all around the world. When we observe the country’s practices and economic policies from the outside, it is clear that the USA is a firm believer in free trade. Indeed, the country is involved in many free trade agreements all around the world. Those include Free Trade agreements with Australia (2004), CAFTA-DR (2005), with numerous Latin American countries such as Chile (2004) and Columbia (2006), without forgetting NAFTA (1994). United States take great pride in its participation in international trade and promoting free trade between countries. Presently, international trade is primordial to the economy of the country and accounts for around a quarter of the USA’s GDP as it was mentioned by the Conference on a New Architecture for the U. S. National Accounts in 2004. Governmental economists all agree that Free trade agreements are necessary in order to promote rapid economic growth by increasing competition, cooperation between countries, and specialization. The United States follows Germany as the second most economically open country in the world. Inside a Free Trading Nation: A Hidden Protectionist Economy The United States takes good pride in proclaiming themselves as a non-discriminatory economy and a promoter of open global markets. While USA gives the image to the world of being a pure liberal economy, the country practices protectionism regularly, which shocks many trading partners and developing countries. This can be called the problem of the â€Å"Double Standard†. Rich countries promote the free trade ideology but in practice, they protect their own industry. This situation of double standard and of the USA promoting free trade but practicing protectionism was explained by the eleventh president of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick: â€Å"In order to promote free trade, the US has to manage the home front and the international front. And on the home front the only way that we can continue to get support from the American people for open markets and trade is to use our domestic and international laws to the fullest. †[3] For a society that calls itself a free-trading one, it is quite ironical and even hypocrite that, in 2002, Bush announced the imposition of new tariffs on several influential industries such as the steel industry and the agricultural sector. While developing countries, in order to please foreign investors and international economic agencies, keep on lowering their trade barriers, the USA has, over the last two years, increased its subsidies to farmers, raised tariffs on steel imports, and still hasn’t agreed to sign the WTO agreement to the patent rights of its pharmaceutical companies. Since the election of George W. Bush, the economy of the United States has proven to be quite protectionist: â€Å"The steel tariff and the farm bill attracted the most attention, but they are part of a broader picture that includes the punitive (and almost completely unjustified) tariff on Canadian softwood lumber and the revocation of Caribbean trade privileges. When it comes to free trade, the Bush administration is all for it — unless there is some political cost, however small, to honoring its alleged principles†[4] Let us examine more in details the three most important policies of the last decade that can help us understand how the United States is giving an image of a free-trade economy but is actually practicing protectionism. The first and very striking example of this protectionism is the Bush administration deciding to protect its steel industry which has been facing very important economic problems because of the European Union competition. The second example would be the case of the automobile industry. The Japanese automobile industry has always been a strong competitor for the USA industry. This is why the United States imposed, from â€Å"In May 1981, with the American auto industry mired in recession, Japanese car makers agreed to limit exports of passenger cars to the United States. This â€Å"voluntary export restraint† (VER) program, initially supported by the Reagan administration, allowed only 1. 68 million Japanese cars into the U. S. each year. The cap was raised to 1. 85 million cars in 1984, and to 2. 30 million in 1985, before the program was terminated in 1994. †[5] The Farm Bill of 2002 also reflects very well the protectionist tendencies of the country. This Bill distributed more than $190 billion to USA farmers and agriculture businesses around the country, and this over the next 10 years. This Bill was passed in order to help the agricultural sector overcome the difficulties it faced due to international competition. Those subsidies will make it harder for foreign producers to compete against the agricultural industry: â€Å"Third World producers will find it harder to sell to the US market and, since the USA exports 25 per cent of its farm production, they will find it harder to sell in other international markets or to resist competition from US products in their home markets. The disposal of increased US surpluses as ‘food aid’ is likely to compound the loss of livelihoods. †[6] While rich countries such as the United States can afford to practice protectionism, developing nations are forced to open their economy to free trade. Pakistan, the second country we will analyze in this essay is the perfect example of a country that would benefit from protectionism policies but is forced to liberalize their economy in order to receive funds from the WTO. The United States and Pakistan have been interacting on the international scene since the late 1950s, soon after Pakistan’s independence. This relationship has been successful but has also suffered from intermittent political conflicts, which reflects pretty well the complexity of the geopolitics of South East Asian region. After the events of September 11, Pakistan and the United States became even closer than before because the Bush administration relied on the help of Musharraf’s military dictatorship to eliminate terrorism in the region, mainly in Afghanistan which has a common border with Pakistan. The main difference between the United States during its early stage of development (1880s) and Pakistan’s development phase (late 1990s, 21st century) is that the United States weren’t dominated and repressed economically by major powers and international trade organization such as the IMF and the WTO, imposing economic liberalization and tariff limits on them. The United States weren’t subject to neo-colonialism like Pakistan is today. Protectionism in Pakistan: A Focus on the Textile Industry South Asia has long been seen as one of the most protectionist region in the world. As the World Bank states in the calculations of the GDP growth rates in the World Development Indicators, trade within the region accounts for less than 2% of the GDP which is minimal compared to 20% in East Asia. The region lacks diversity within the market and the products that are traded. In addition, most countries of the region, including Pakistan, still used up until recently import-substitution policies which limited trade possibilities within the region and outside the region. Trade was also hampered by political tensions, especially between India and Pakistan. Protectionism is Pakistan is mostly directed towards one of the most important industry in the country: the textile industry which accounts for more than 60% of the country’s exports. Pakistan under Musharraf saw the introduction of few protectionist policies concentrated towards this influential industry. In the policy speech of 2005-2006, the Minister of Commerce announced that all textile exporters that would â€Å"register their products with Pakistani Trade marks in foreign countries for export purposes will be provided subsidy equal to 50% of official fees of such registrations. [7]. Support to this important industry was instituted to help local businesses improve the quality of their product and compete against foreign industries in order to increase the Pakistanis textile industry’s market share. This protectionist policy was put in practice to reassure the industry, which was afraid after the quota restrictions were removed in 2005. It was also introduced to protect the industry from potential job losses and the loss of potential export if the textile industry wouldn’t reinvent itself. The 2005-2006 trade policy speech focused on alleviating costs for Pakistanis businesses in order to make the local industries more competitive on the international scene. Protectionism can also be practiced in the form of tax exemption for local industries. Musharaf’s government in the Federal Budget of 2005-2006 granted tax cuts to prominent industries in the country, including textile industry, sports goods, carpet industry, leather, and surgical instruments. In addition, the imports of necessary materials for these industries are also exempted from duties. Pakistan’s Economy: A Forced Free Trading nation Trade liberalization in Pakistan began in the late 1980s and developed even more during the 1990s under Musharraf’s military government. Today, Pakistan is part of various trade agreements, all leading to economic liberalization. Those include the Pakistan-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement, Pakistan-China Free Trade Agreement, Pakistan-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement, Pakistan-Malaysia Early Harvest Program, Pakistan-China Early Harvest Program and Pakistan-Iran agreement. When I briefly presented free trade, I mentioned the â€Å"growth without development† problem that developing countries face nowadays. This is a tendency to grow economically but without promoting social development. It is the result of free trade and is perfectly well illustrated by Pakistan’s situation. The more recent budget of Pakistan is mirrors this tendency, by showing commitment to neo-liberal policies, IMF led-policies. The budget focuses on pleasing the developed countries and on macro-economics rather than on developing the country itself. The budget focuses on the military which accounts for 20% and repaying the debt, 31%. Trade liberalization has been, since Musharraf’s entry in power, another priority within the budget. As the World Bank argues, liberalizing the Pakistanis economy would lead to an increase of 8$ billion if trade barriers were lifted. â€Å"Annual trade between India and Pakistan, the bulk of which is routed through Dubai, is currently estimated at US$1 billion, but could be as great as US$9 billion if barriers are lifted. †[8] In 1999, the Asian Development Bank granted a 300$ million loan to support the Government’s Trade, Export Promotion and Industry (TEPI) Program. This program was approved by the ADB, the World Bank and the IMF because it was based on liberalization of trade in Pakistan. TEPI is based on the elimination of nontariff barriers and on the increased access for exporters to the Pakistani market. This program was basically created to end import substitution policies and promote exports by giving as many advantages to local industries as to foreign companies. This program focuses on the privatization of industries and meets all criteria stated by the World Bank concerning quotas, subsidies, and customs. This facilitates foreign investors and promotes economic growth, proven by the fact that â€Å"After more than three decades of near stagnation in per-capita incomes during 1950–80, South Asia showed signs of growth beginning in the 1980s that accelerated in the 1990s and beyond. †[9] Pakistan’s economy used to be based on import substitution and was very little diversified. Taking into consideration those obstacles to trade, the Pakistani ministry of Commerce instituted a program based on diversification of exports and market opening for an increased access to facilitate trade. Pakistani economy has continuously followed WTO required adjustment of liberalization in order to remove trade barriers and obstacles to import. Following the WTO rhetoric, the government argues in favor of opening the market because in order to increase its exports, the country has to encourage imports as well as stated in the trade policy speech of 2005-2006: â€Å"It must be realized that no country has been able to enhance its exports significantly without liberalizing its import regime. †[10] Following this path, exports did increase consistently as well as imports which reached $20. 23 billion at the end of last year according to that same Trade Policy Speech. The irony that we face after having analyzed the economic situation of both countries is that the now-developed countries benefited during their development from an active state that helped them build their industries and protect. As the 1995 OECD Report showed, developed countries achieved growth starting in the 1 950s under very protectionist states. â€Å"The unprecedented growth in per capita income in several developed countries during the period 1950-1973, was also achieved under activist states. When they followed the ‘bad’ policies of establishing full welfare states with stricter financial market regulations, corporatist wage bargaining institutions, investment co-ordination and in some cases nationalized industries, even the now developed countries saw an exponential increase in their own growth. †[11] However, countries that wish to develop nowadays are required not only to practice free trade but not to use protectionism policies. This is unfair in the sense that they have to develop in an environment that doesn’t promote or help their growth. Developing countries would benefit and even need higher tariffs and trade barriers in order to protect their industry from the more and more competitive and aggressive trading environment. This current tendency is referred to as â€Å"kicking away the ladder†. Core countries act the way they do to ensure their domination over developing nations and keep the poor countries in a vicious circle, as they remain dependant on export of primary and raw materials, not being able to move up the trade ladder. This harms developing countries that struggle in this free trade world economy. In addition, imposing free trade on developing nations actually illustrates the focus of the WTO on short-term benefits and forgetting about the importance of long-term goals such as deepening the industrialization of the periphery countries. The imposed policies of the WTO prevent the developing countries of using protectionist policies to help their industries develop. Several experiences have already proven that the pressures to liberalize countries’ economy can do more harm than good to new economies. Nonetheless, the WTO continues to force developing countries to open their market and reduce their trade barriers. Liberalization and free trade, although they have great outcomes for developed countries, also lead to greater inequality between the core and the periphery. â€Å"According to one estimate, the Uruguay Round’s combined liberalization increased global economic welfare by $75 billion, of which almost $70 billion went to developed countries, $5 billion to Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs; Korea, Singapore and Taiwan), and none to developing countries taken together. [12]. Even with such numbers, developing countries are still forced to join the free trade movement and the WTO and developed countries continue to promote the benefits of free trading. Today, while the IMF and the WTO force developing countries around the world to practice free trade by reducing trade barriers, Pakistan included, the USA keeps on to implementing protectionist policies in order to s ave industries in danger or suffering from temporary discomfort. This leads to a greater gap between the productivity of developed and developing countries. The factor that is important to note here is that today’s developed countries once protected their industries behind protectionist policies, but are now promoting free trade in countries that are trying, just like they did, to succeed economically. The developed countries of today reached their economic prosperity through protectionism economic policies, and then started practicing free trade. This irony now rules international trade. It is clear that there is a problem concerning trade between countries in the sense that there is an inequality in the terms of trade imposed on developed countries and developing countries. Free trade can only lead to prosperity if all countries benefit from equal treatment. Even then however free trade can lead to economic prosperity but won’t necessarily lead to social development, which is what developing countries need the most. How to cite Trade vs. Protectionism, Papers

The Western and Eastern Essay Example For Students

The Western and Eastern Essay The Joy Luck Club. This interesting novel portrays the stories of 8 women, 4 daughters and their mothers. They are separated not only by the generational barrier, but also by a much more powerful one, the barrier of cultures. The daughters are all Chinese-American, having adopted traits of both cultures, yet leaning towards the American part of the spectrum due to the fact that their only access to Chinese culture comes through family, and not being within the context of an environment propitious to the development of the standards of this culture they fail to absorb or learn the importance of seemingly useless or baseless lessons. We will write a custom essay on The Western and Eastern specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The book serves to unify the cultures within one framework, to give meaning to both and clarify conflicts that may arise; it is a bridge much like the main character Jing-Mei Woo. When first looking at the book the title is important to note, here the reader notices a superposition of ideas. Joy and luck, though applicable together are not commonly associated instantaneously. This uncommon combination of concepts creates a slight urge to understand why this club is both of luck and joy. Luck can bring joy, yes, yet the reason for this association is not apparent when reading only the title. As the story unfolds the reader gains the knowledge that in Chinese Joyluck is single word which conveys both concepts, or rather is a word for both, this is to say that the word transmits the concepts not as joy and luck, but instead a concept of its own joining both into one and the same. This clash of meanings is pivotal for one of the recurring themes throughout the book, the untranslatable nature of culture. Certain elements of a culture cannot be understood outside the concept of this culture, it is a self-contained entity out of which only a dimmed, broken shadow of the former self is observable. Language is often a pivotal element in cultures for though words may have a counterpart in another the underlying meanings, associations and undertones of a word will not be accurately transmitted. This difference of context and subtleties of meaning grows further and further as the cultures vary, Chinese and American cultures come from greatly different histories and cultural origins hence causing conflicts and loss of cultural elements when the two mesh. Essentially this conflict pervades the entire book throughout its entirety, it is the basis for the majority of the sub stories within the structure of the book. Even if some of the mothers stories take place within only one cultural backdrop, the Chinese, they serve to set the principles and culture unblemished by the American, to serve as a basis for comparison and a rationalization for the mothers apparently baseless actions. This is evidenced by the way Lindo Jong goes through the excruciating, for both her and her mother, experience of being given to Tyan-Yu as a wife. In this tale Lindo does not become angry at her mother, but instead feels her pain. As her mother tells her, Its no use We have made a contract. It cannot be broken. This reference along with My mother did not treat me as she did because she didnt love me. She would say this biting back her tongue, so she wouldnt wish for something that was no longer hers. Here the reader observes that Lindo and her mother are both sad yet believe in the sacrifice of the daughters for their mothers. They both accept fate, are bound by the word of a preordained marriage. Here there is a sharp contrast with the daughters, Waverlys, views on the value of a promise. .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 , .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .postImageUrl , .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 , .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172:hover , .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172:visited , .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172:active { border:0!important; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172:active , .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172 .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u254011e9289fee3dd34c0cc6347ab172:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free on Shakespeare's Macbeth - The Two Side EssayHer mother remarks that for her daughter a promise is nothing and it holds no value for any excuse will suffice to annul it. The example used was to come to a family dinner where a headache, traffic, a good movie on TV would void the previous promise. Meanwhile Lindo suffered greatly to keep her mothers promise. This greatly different interpretation of the value of promises illustrates a radically different view of a concept, the daughter, lacking the environmental background and society could not comprehend why her mother, who had suffered for a promise, became irate at her lax promise keeping. The dynamic of mother, daughter relationships is also key in the novel. It could be argued that it is not the main issue the author is trying to portray but a means to develop the importance of knowing that cultures cannot be translated, that each is unique and has different values. Bicultural families, in the form of mother-daughter pairs, for the fathers are mostly ignored, have to go through this, and by having a radical difference between the Western and Eastern cultures under the same roof, it accentuates the difficulties of this cross-acculturation.

Music Industry and Technology

Music Industry and Technology Thesis Statement Changes in the information and communication technology directly impact on the music industry. Emergency of new technologies has shaped the music industry so far and will also determine the future of the industry. Advancements in technology have influenced the music world both positively and negatively.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Music Industry and Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advancement of technology over the last century has revolutionalized how music is made, distributed, marketed and listened to. The use and invention of MIDI, Sequencers and the advent of the internet has promoted file sharing, music downloading and piracy. On the other hand, there are also many gains accrued to both customers and artistes due to same technologies. Introduction This paper explores both the positive and negative impacts of technological advancement on the music industry. The paper fur ther describes some of the technological innovations and analyses how the innovations have contributed to the positive growth of the music industry. Moreover, the paper looks into the future of the music industry based on changes occasioned by technological development. The final section of this paper highlights how various technologies have shaped the music industry and what it all means in terms of future music production and distribution. Technology and Music Industry Music production requires the use of gadgets or instruments. As a result, advancement in the music industry is directly dependent on the technological changes. Technology changes affect the way music is composed, recorded, produced and distributed. As technology improvements are registered in the world of communication, so also does the music industry become very dynamic. Technology has made it easy to produce and reproduce music. Due to efficiency in music production, mass production of music recording is very easy (Beken 242). Mass production is easy because technology enables easy reproduction of recorded music. The ease to reproduce music is positive because it helps artistes to serve mass markets. However, the ease in reproduction has led to the piracy phenomenon. Piracy is where individuals reproduce music without permission of the rights owners. There is much debate with regard to whether music piracy serves any meaningful purpose. On one hand, piracy is more or less like fraud. However, piracy is not entirely bad. Through piracy, musicians are heard by many and this blows their popularity to high ratings.Advertising Looking for term paper on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A musician is like a brand and the extent to which they are able to connect with fans makes a great difference. Therefore, although music piracy leads to recording companies making losses, it in a way helps musicians in mounting popu larity. With the advent of the internet, piracy has gone really hi-tech and easy to execute. Although internet related downloads lead to loss of revenue on the part of musician and producers, it can be argued that music piracy has improved accessibility to music. Through the internet many fans can have accessibility to songs not easily available in print and even music produced by unknown artistes. Some little known artistes easily create a wave by releasing their little known music to music pirates. With regard to upcoming artistes, the use of internet has increased or made them more inclined towards experimentation. The upcoming artistes are able to test market their music. Through streaming the music on the net, they are able to analyze response to their music and drum up or psyche up fans towards more record sales and huge concert participation. Historically, the music industry in the US was under control of four major companies which included the â€Å"Sony Music Entertainment †, â€Å"Universal Music Group†, †EMI Group† and the â€Å"Warner Music† (Scott 123). These were recording companies that had resources to support their artistes by providing advertisement through radio and music shows (Scott 123). Most artistes struggled to catch the attention of and get signed up by any of the big established labels. Those that could not clinch contracts with these prestigious firms had to go to smaller labels that didn’t have much resource. The smaller producers or labels could not provide as much exposure as the artistes would have liked. Entertainment related advertising requires huge investing. The challenge is compounded by the fact that there are many established artistes who carry the limelight. The cost of production in the music industry has for long remained very high. When an artiste does not contract with the big labels, they get low quality products into the market. For instance, the videos produced by such compa nies are of low quality thereby prompting their not to being shown on television. Technological advancement has made music production easier and even little known labels can now deliver quality. When it comes to advertisement and exposure, the internet through music download has provided a better avenue for artiste to get exposed widely.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Music Industry and Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology and Fight against Piracy in the Music Industry As already indicated, improvement in technology has led to easy reproduction of music. This in return has led to piracy or illegal reproduction of music. Although, piracy in some cases works to the advantage of artistes, it is generally a vice that has to be tackled. By downloading music posted on the internet and sampling the same, individuals may like the music and decide to buy other albums are associated with the same artis te. Consequently they may decide to share with their friend, who may in turn end up buying the same copy of music. The positive side of music piracy notwithstanding, this vice has challenged music industry in a devastating way. Its effects have been felt by artiste and also pirates themselves. The law enforcers and the recording industry are on the look out and are cracking down the pirates around the world. Additionally, the consumers who are beneficiaries of pirated albums lose due to the discouragement it serves on artistes. The consumer will enjoy taking the shortcut in order to save some dollars but by not buying original music, the musicians get discouraged thus the music industry suffering. Secondly, when many consumers go for pirated products, the producers are forced to sell the original music exorbitantly so as to recoup production costs. As a result, the genuine consumers continue to suffer and piracy is further fueled or encouraged. Piracy has caused companies in the mus ic industry to lose colossal sums of money. Most recording companies don’t generate sufficient revenues to finance their production costs. Moreover, to remain in the market, most of them use much of the profits that they get to subsidize their music so that it moves in the market. This means that profitability is largely affected. As a result, not much money is available to invest in expansion or to sign in new artistes that would take music to a higher standing. The pirates have not realized how costly it is for the producers or if they do, they are very insensitive whenever they steal the music. Piracy has killed the creativity of most artistes in the music industry. Most songwriters, singers, producers and those involved in the music industry have been deeply affected. This is because the royalties’ and fees that are supposed to be accrued from the business are not realized. This fee is necessary for any artiste to make a living. To add injury on insult, recording c ompany, labels and artiste’s reputation is entirely damaged by the inferior quality that is produced by the pirated music copies.Advertising Looking for term paper on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To ensure that artiste and the music industry remain successful, measures and elaborate framework to counter piracy such as incorporation of anti-piracy campaigns, extensive support from governments, and incorporation of technology enabled anti-piracy catch nets come in very handy. Governments have to develop policies that are pro-industry. Technology experts should come up with measures to easily identify pirated and counterfeit music and the law enforcers should be on alert to exercise justice. MIDI One of the technological developments that have revolutionalized the music industry is ability to synchronize musical instruments with computer technology. Technology advancement in the music industry allows both computers and most of musical instruments to communicate effectively. The efforts to have musical instruments communicate effectively with computers led to the creation of MIDI. MIDI is basically the short form of â€Å"Musical Instrument Digital Interface†. This is a c ommonly used language for transmission of information in an electronic environment between computers (Rumsey 81). This technology facilitates artistes to play instruments which are MIDI enabled and allows their music to be captured by the computer system in form of a MIDI file. When MIDI came into existence, more instruments supporting this form of files were created and enhanced to provide efficient utilization of this technology. MIDI technology has brought about more instruments which support this file formats which include keyboards used by pianist, electronic sets of drums used by percussionist among other instruments (Rumsey 160). The MIDI technology has facilitated the development of MIDI software’s, which are compatible with the instruments developed to enhance performance by musicians. This has assisted musicians’ performances to be recorded at the same time being notated in a real music sequence. MIDI provided a kind of â€Å"real† recording studio whe re musicians got the opportunity to record their music in real time (Rumsey 165). The MIDI software systematically controls the beat of the music being played. MP3 MP3 technology is another advancement that changed the music industry. MP3 is a music sound compression technology which reduces sound sequence into a small file without interfering with the original quality of sound. MP3 files are easily identified with an .MP3 extension. The MP3 technology has help to shape the music world. Technology makes it possible to download huge files of songs and other media files on the internet and compress them in an MP3 player or device and hence having a choice of songs to listen to (Rumsey 55). The technology has helped to save disk space at the same time saving expenses on purchasing storage devices such as CD’S, Tapes and other expensive storage devices. The Internet has played a significance role of promoting the use of MP3 devices. Many websites have promoted the use of MP3 as a device by either giving applications that facilitates file compression or linking the user to appropriate site where the user can download songs of his or her choice. Moreover, most websites have effectively complied with copyright laws and allows the users to buy music of their choice. The latter have developed their MP3 song formats which ensures that high audio quality is guaranteed at the same time marketing them to allow accessibility to more audiences. However, the use of MP3 and the websites used to promote it illegally is causing the music industry to loose millions of dollars (Rumsey 117). These sites have encouraged copyright violations because it is illegal to alter or copy any music from an audio or CD device and redistribute without being given consent by the owner. Whereas there has been an effort to curtail this form of music piracy, currently, no sure measure has proved to work regarding copyright and secure song distribution standards. Sequencers Sequencers are ano ther technological advancement or innovation that has helped change the music world. This technology has also in a big way had an impact on the music world. This technology has been around in one form or another for quite some time but it found its way into music industry not long ago (Rumsey 219). Sequencer is popularly known to people as â€Å"4 track recorder†. Sequencers facilitate recording of actual sound as it is being played. Sequencers began appearing in the music industry as software’s mostly installed in computers. Early computers didn’t have enough memory to handle the capability of the sound produced i.e. Sound files could take up more space than text conventional files; hence this decreased their usage (Rumsey 118). However, in recent years, sequencers are popularly used by both musicians and non musicians to enhance their music production. The technology has decentralized what was seen as an exclusive work of recording engineers to virtually anyon e. Moreover, the software is cheap and is even offered for free by some parties (Rumsey 222). Sequencing and MIDI technology has facilitated change in the music industry because once these applications are available to an ordinary person; he or she can record his or her own music. Both applications have revolutionalized the music industry and created opportunities for accessibility to wider musical creations; especially for average person (Rumsey 221). Other technological advancements that have changed the music industry include the use of wave files, digital technology, CD-Rom and web pages. Most web pages created by musicians are interactive thus providing real time interaction between fans and artistes. This technology has enabled not only the musicians (those people who have formal education in music and its performance) and almost anyone who has a passion for music to manage to compose, record and share their pieces of work. CD-ROMs are already packaged multimedia which contain s information about different kinds of music, mostly the style and history. Digital technology makes it possible to record live music directly using the computer and writing the music on a CD; a process called â€Å"burning†. E-music stores Technology has successfully enabled the creation of online music databases and the coming up with music programs to support its growth. Programs such as iTunes and Napster music stores have promoted the sale of e-music by charging a fee which is smaller for any song and other media based files (Leonhard 295). Although this sounds much cheaper than buying the original song, in the real sense it has some fee attached and hence many people tend to prefer using other costless methods to get the song they want. Music Applications/programs With advancement in IT, many more music applications and programs have been created. These music applications and programs facilitate fast music download on the internet. Music applications such as cabos, kaza a, limewire, among other applications, facilitate fast download of music files on the internet. These applications have killed the music industry because they get music and other media files absolutely free and without recognition of the owner of the file (Leonhard 121). Although, theses applications provide a standard platform of getting older music that are not available in print or discovering a new artiste but they help to kill the music industry. Internet Files Sharing The emergency of file sharing has facilitated sharing of files and data that is being distributed. File sharing facilitates accessing files, which is stored remotely and allows people to extract, copy, retrieve files or information only if they have access privileges. File sharing is only possible because technology allows or enables it to happen (Frakes 403). File sharing has created an impact in the music industry and has affected the revenue accrued from the sale of music online. Internet has made it possible for users to access thousands of files stored in different locations around the world. File sharing has been facilitated by having sophisticated software’s which makes it possible to acquire genuine music and directs it to unknown server (Frakes 407). From the server, users only have privileges’ of only logging in and accessing thousands of songs then they can make a choice in terms of which songs they want. Open file sharing has provided a mechanism by which millions of files can be shared among artistes and other parties in the music industry. E-File sharing has facilitated reduced probability of people purchasing original music. Most people have favored online file sharing instead of purchasing CDs and tapes (Cusic 87). However, the music industry has inflated prices on its original CD’s making file sharing a route to acquire songs of interests. This has encouraged rapid increase in E-file Sharing. Music Labels Modern labels have changed the way and means of producing and distributing music. The changes in ways of music production and distribution have created a shift in individual artiste engagement of the market. Technology has lowered the cost of production (Cusic 125). As a result, individual artistes can now produce themselves easily. Individual artistes no longer see the need of signing big contracts. The current changes enabled by technology allow modern labels enough flexibility and more prospects (Wang 146). Technology, therefore, does not just mean more money in the banks but also easier production and more creative solutions. Social Networking Websites and Music Recording Industry Technology has provided a platform whereby people across the world can share music and other information at a click of a button. Additionally, social network websites have been on the increase. This proprietor incorporate into their site a database which enables musicians to upload their albums at the same time encouraging their supporters to listen to them free of charge (Burgess 45). Social websites such as MySpace, face book among others have been in the forefront of providing storage space for most of the artistes. Consequently Social websites have provided a platform on which artistes, who by other means wouldn’t have been known, to advertise their music. Through social network sites, musicians are able to promote their albums hence reaching more audiences. MySpace for instance has launched and promoted much successful music careers and has assisted artiste in getting recording contracts (Burgess 67). Future of Music Industry Just like the music industry has so far been shaped by technological advancements, the future of the industry is also pegged on technology. The process of distribution of music will continue to change toward more electronic means and recording companies will be powerless to do anything regarding this. There will be a challenge of securing rights especially with the emergency of digital network s, licensing and e-distribution (David 66). Consequently, online music marketing is likely to expand and become a major avenue of music selling. The growth and expansion of online music industry is projected to increase. The technologies will double the availability of online database and the download speeds of music will increase. One of the greatest concerns for the future music industry will be piracy and security of files especially due to sabotage maneuvers of rival music camps. There is need for effort towards technology that can help curb piracy and any form of illegal downloads. As of now, technology to guard against piracy and illegal download is yet to gain accessibility in the music industry. The software will greatly improve illegal file download and protect the artistes, music industry and customers as well (David 2). Legislation by governments to protect and institute legal framework to deal with copyright issues, piracy, counterfeits will see the music industry thrivi ng hence making good fortune. Technology and Changing Artiste Attitude Due to technological changes, the attitudes of musicians have also been changing over time. The emergence of new and unknown artistes is expected to change the course of music industry. Many of them do not put much effort in making their original music. Secondly, they do not focus on creating music that is good in itself but rather music that they think people will like. Going into the future, larger recording companies as well are likely to be inclined towards compelling artistes to come up with music that can sell. The concern is with production of music that can easily be taken to by fans once released in the market. Going by technology and already recorded trends, many small independent labels are likely to be the norm of the future. The emergence of small labels allows the artiste to do what he or she deems is best for her music (David 146). It also allows for lesser known artistes to grow at own pace and no t to be held back by recording company requirements. These little known artistes are known to take personal initiative with zeal, they posse’s creative ideas and have clear song structures. Artistes’ attitudes are also changing in terms of what they expect when they produce music. Rather than expecting royalties, artistes are looking forward to other benefits (Burgess 17). Such benefits may include gigs or opportunities for live performances and marketing deals. The music industry should embrace music piracy, instead of fighting it; they should analyze the important ideas behind it because most of the ideas benefit the music industry as a whole. The technology behind should be appreciated as well. The music industry in the future instead of encrypting the CDs, they should come up with a strategy of building a system whereby most of the music is accessible for free, so that if the customers feels that she or he likes the music, it can be easier for him to buy. This proc ess will be inexpensive strategy to support an artiste at the same time positively transforming the impact of â€Å"free music download† Streaming The music industry is being transformed by the emergency of streaming technology. This is seen by most people as an alternative and remedy to the problem of music piracy. This is a feature which allows someone to view a movie or a song partly, without having permission to download it (Cabrera 109). This will be an important step in the music industry because it will enable people to sample new albums and make a choice either to buy it or not. Future of CDs’ Technology advancement is likely to yield the manufacture of rip proof CDs. Such technology will play a major role in curtailing music piracy. Once they are rip proof, it will be difficult for the CD’s to be ripped or copied on a computer system. This will only allow the person who originally bought it to be the one to posses and use (Cusic 110). However, this tech nology will make it impossible for the rightful owners to copy the CD for personal use thus rendering devices such as iPods obsolete. CDS are slowly but surely being faced out as people go for other convenient mediums on which to record and sell music. Digital music downloads, iPods, MP3 are some of the technological devices and mediums that are facing out the CD technology (Cusic 123). The shift from CDS to digital music downloads is facilitated by the availability of fast internet speeds, which allow for quick music downloads at a relatively cheaper cost. Additionally, recording companies and artiste will prefer having an online database for storage of their music which will facilitate accessibility to wider audiences or markets. The online databases will eventually kill the CD technology because audience will prefer purchasing a song directly using their iPods, MP3 players and their computer systems (Cusic 126). E-music music databases for example â€Å"youtube† will reduc e the ability of CD survival because consumers will prefer listening to their favorite music for free; provided they have a steady and fast internet connection. Conclusion Developments in the music industry are pegged on technological advancement. So far technological developments have enabled file sharing, video streaming, piracy, online music purchasing, and music storage by the use of iPods, MP3 players and phones. Through such like devices or platforms both consumers and artistes are advantaged while being disadvantaged in other ways. The technological advancements have provided artistes and their customers with platforms on which they interact whereas doing business in a more elaborate and enhanced manner (Wang 123). The enabling properties of technology have made music production and distribution easy. This has led to artistes being able to sell massively thus creating many billionaires in the industry. However, technology continues to threaten the industry in terms of quality of production and Piracy. Due to technology making recording and distribution easy, everyone has become a producer thus compromising professionalism in the industry. Vices like piracy have become more pronounced due to the enabling effects of technology. Through the internet, stealing music through downloading has increased and mechanisms have to be developed so that both artistes and consumers continue to enjoy the privilege of accessibility offered by the internet while not abusing each other’s rights. Beken, Tom. Organized Crime and Vulnerability of Economic Sectors: The European Transport and Music Sector. California: Maklu, 2005 Burgess, Richard James. The Art of Music Production. London: Omnibus Press, 2002 Cabrera, P, J. IPhone Games Projects. Michigan: Springer, 2009 Cusic, Don. Music in the Market. North Carolina: Popular Press, 1996 David, Matthew. Peer to Peer and the Music Industry: The Criminalization of Sharing. California: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2010 Frakes, Dan. Mac Os X Power Tools. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2004 Leonhard, Woody. Windows XP Hacks Mods for Dummies. London: For Dummies, 2005 Rumsey, Francis. Desktop Audio Technology: Digital Audio and Midi Principles. Massachusetts: Focal Press, 2004 Scott, Michael, D. Internet and Technology Law Desk Reference. New York: Aspen Publishers, 2009 Wang, Wally. Steal this File Sharing Book: What They Wont Tell You About File Sharing. New York: No Starch Press, 2004

A Hilarious Roller Coaster Monologue for Women

A Hilarious Roller Coaster Monologue for Women An outgoing woman named Roxy delivers this comedic female monologue. Her boyfriend is a roller coaster fanatic, and also a bit immature. Therefore, she has decided to break up with him, right in the middle of their roller coaster ride. Although the character sits most of the time, the actress could feel free to add a lot of movement and facial expressions to simulate the ride. The Monologue (Roxy gets into her rollercoaster seat.)(She’s talking to her boyfriend.) You and your obsession with roller coasters.What’s the name of this one? Oh, â€Å"TheTerminatrix.† How nice. Look, Derek, I- How do I buckle this thing? I got it.Derek, I think I’ve got enough adrenalineand funnel cakes in my system, I can finallytell you what’s in my heart right now. This might not be the best conversation to have on the rollercoaster, but if what I am about to say breaks your heart; you can claim that whatever tears might be in your eyes are due to wind resistance. (Leans back – the rollercoaster begins going up.) Oh – here we go! So, what I’m trying to say†¦What am I trying to say? Well, we’ve had a good year. Almost a year. (She leans forward and bounces up and down just a bit to show the bumpy beginning of the roller coaster.) Ten months and 22 days. Thingsstarted rough. Sort of like this ride. And I thought we were headed in the same direction. (Leans back again.) But now it feels like we’ve been traveling on two different tracks. What? Put my hands in the air?Okay. (Raises hands in the air.)But, Derek, where are we headed?I feel like I’m ready to take the plunge off of the Marriage Mountain Splash Ride. And I’m not afraid to get soaked with commitment. You’d rather spend your time on the bumper cars. Sure, it’s fun to bump around, but it getspretty meaningless after a while. So, that’s why I think – oh my gosh, this is high up! Is itsupposed to be this high? It’s safe, right?Anyway, that’s why I’ve decided – Here goes! (The roller coaster drop begins!) I’m BREAKING UP WITH YOU!!!! AAAAAH!I THINK WE SHOULD JUST BE FRIENDS!AND SEE OTHER PEOPLE!!!! Oh my gosh, oh my gosh! (She leans to the left.) So, what do you think?! (She leans to the right.) What are you doing? What is this? (She accepts something from him.) A ring? Do you want to marry me? Here comes another one! Whoa, whoa, aaaaaaah!You’re crazy, Derek! But - Yes!I’LL MARRY YOU!!!! (She lurches to a sudden stop. Catches her breath.) Let’s do it again!

Poverty in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poverty in the United States - Research Paper Example This points us to one reality that no matter how rich and powerful a country is, its people would still experience inequality. In light of these facts, this essay will unravel the reasons of American poverty. At the end, it shall be providing a conclusion as to the state of poverty in the United States. Poverty in America In America, poverty status is ascertained by comparing the family’s yearly income â€Å"to a set of dollar values† commonly referred to as thresholds which may differ as to the size of the family, number of siblings and age of the householder (Bishaw and Macartney 1). According to a latest survey produced by the US Census Bureau, about fourteen percent (14%) of the people in the United States had incomes which fall below their respective poverty threshold (Bishaw and Macartney 1). This is to say that of the three hundred (300) million plus American people, nearly forty three (43) million are considered poor (Bishaw and Macartney 1). Although this numbe r is quite small compared to other nations, it is relevant to know the reason of this turn out as it poses a great challenge to the American government. Actually, it has been noted that America’s poverty rate has increased substantially from the year 2008 to 2009. The increase is considered to be the highest since 1994 (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith 14). Out of the fifty (50) states making up the United States of America, thirty-one (31) states have observed a constant rise of their poverty rate (Bishaw and Macartney 1). This finding is somehow alarming knowing that the American government has been active in fighting poverty in almost all of its sectors. Also, America has been known for its welfare system. Under this particular system, assistance in the form of money or free service is given to the poor and needy within the American society (â€Å"US Welfare†). Relevantly, most of the poor people in US are Hispanics or Latinos (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith 14). To note, the Latinos in the country are actually immigrants. These immigrants are known to be having a hard time finding an employment. As a result, many of them do not have enough resource to support their existence. If this situation will persist, it could be stated then, that the American government has failed to address the social problem and that its program aimed to alleviate poverty has not been effective. Causes of American Poverty In 2001, a poll was conducted to know the sentiments of the American people with regard to the existence of poverty in their country (Iceland 70). In this survey, the respondents were asked of their opinion with regard to the bigger cause of poverty in America today. They were to choose any of the two options: (1) â€Å"that people are not doing enough to help themselves out of poverty or† (2) â€Å"that circumstances beyond their control cause them to be poor† (Iceland 70). The first option of course puts the blame to the person him self or herself. This is to say that it is his or her personal decisions or choices in life which made him or her poor. The second option on the other hand implies that there are external factors which cause the person to be poor. It could be due to the policies of the government or cultural issues. Significantly, the responses of the respondents were closely evenly split. Forty-eight (48) percent have chosen the first cause while forty-five (45)