Affirmative Action Essay - 1282 Words

According to Newman, affirmative action is a â€Å"program designed to seek out members of minority groups for positions from which they had previously been excluded, thereby seeking to overcome some institutional racism† (Newman, 536). Affirmative action made its debut with a piece of legislature passed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1964 and continues to this day. However, the concept of affirmative action is a controversial issue that continues to be hotly debated. Affirmative action policies are passionately debated by everyone from educators and politicians to ordinary citizens, all who hold differing opinions on both the necessity and validity of the policies. There is no doubt affirmative action is an emotional topic and deals with the†¦show more content†¦Among the citizens of America affirmative action is a sensitive subject with some seeing it as a necessity to help those who have been repressed and others seeing it as reverse racism. Many Americans may also be conflicted about affirmative action, because it is such a complex issue. People fervently debate affirmative action, because it is a complex issue revolving around one’s own race, experiences, and desires. It cannot be denied that there are many benefits to affirmative action in that it helps to ensure both fairness and diversity in organizations, such as schools. In many places across American discrimination is still alive and well. Because of this, affirmative action is necessary to action ensure that people of minority groups will not be denied admission to schools or employment based on their race. After all, there are some organizations who would not be willing to change their policies unless forced by the government to do so. Also, many minority groups are still underrepresented in schools and occupations, which is unfortunate because it gives people a skewed view of what the population of America truly looks like and lets them think of different races as simply the homogenous others, instead of seeing them as people. Being around people who are different is â€Å"necessary to dispel stereotypes about minorities† and as the Department of Education points out, â€Å"Intera cting with students who have different perspectives and life experiences canShow MoreRelatedThe Affirmative Of Affirmative Action Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages Many affirmative action efforts have been made since the end of the Civil War in order to remedy the results of hundreds of years of slavery, segregation and denial of opportunity for groups that face discrimination. Many African Americans such as President Barack Obama, Senator Cory Booker, the writer Toni Morrison, the literary scholar Henry Louis Gates, media star Oprah Winfrey, and rap star Jay-Z have achieved positions of power and influence in the wider society (Giddens, Duneier, AppelbaumRead MoreAffirmative Action1559 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH PAPER AFFIRMATIVE ACTION INTRODUCTION Affirmative Action is an employment legislation protection system that is intended to address the systemized discrimination faced by women and minorities. It achieves this by enforcing diversity through operational intrusions into recruitment, selection, and other personnel functions and practices in America. Originally, Affirmative Action arose because of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s desire to integrate society on educationalRead MoreAffirmative Action1160 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Marlene S. Smith MGT/434 October 28, 2013 Thomas Affirmative Action Affirmative action is an action that was purposefully designed to provide full and equal opportunities for employment and education for women, minorities, and other individuals belonging to disadvantaged groups. This paper will assess the rudiments of Affirmative Action as it applies to public and private sector employers. The paper will also evaluate what employers are subject to affirmative actionRead MoreAffirmative Action1571 Words   |  7 PagesName Professor Name Management 11th November 2011 Affirmative Action Thesis: Affirmative Action has helped many women and minorities in entering the job market. Although there has been a lot of hue and cry regarding the benefits of the affirmative action and the suitability of candidates selected thorough affirmative action; research has shown that affirmative action is beneficial and the candidates of affirmative action perform as well as those who are selected through theRead MoreAffirmative Actions1078 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: AFFERMATIVE ACTION Affirmative Actions Affirmative action is an action taken by an organization to select on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity by giving due preferences to minorities like women and races being not adequately represented under the existing employment. To make the presentation of all these compositions almost equal in proportion to do away the injustice done in the past. The Supreme Company need to design an affirmative action program in the light ofRead MoreAffirmative Action1759 Words   |  8 PagesAffirmative Action Right? Affirmative action has been around for decades. Some believe it isn’t fair but others do. Those who believe and agree with affirmative action tend to say, â€Å"The principle of affirmative action is to promote societal equality through the preferential treatment of socioeconomically disadvantaged people† (Bidmead, Andrew pg 3). Others that disagree with it and find it unfair simply see it as another form of discrimination, giving one group extra advantages based upon nothingRead MoreAffirmative Action And Its Effects On Affirmative1263 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout America there are many different views on the effects of affirmative action. Many see it as a negative policy which gives an unnecessary advantage to minorities in America. In a 2009 Pew Poll, â€Å"58% of African Americans agree† and only â€Å"22% whites agree† that there should be â€Å"preferential treatment to improve the position of blacks and other minorities† (Public Backs Affirmative Action†). Today affirmative action and other racial injustices tend to be in the spotlight quite often, suchRead MoreAffirmative Action774 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative action is a practice that is intended to promote opportunities for the â€Å"protected class† which includes minorities, woman, and people with disabilities or any disadvantaged group for that matter. With affirmative action in place people of this protected class are given an even playing field in terms of hiring, promotion, as well as compensation. Historically, affirmative action is only known to have protected African Americans and woman; however that is not the case. Affirmative actionRead MoreAffirmative Action : Gender Action Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action (ADD PROPER INTRO) Affirmative action, in its broadest sense, are attempts to help create labor and educational opportunities for groups that have been disadvantaged in the past. (Miriam Webster). Evidence has shown that throughout history, many groups have been discriminated against, and because of past (discriminations?), they continue to experience obstacles in areas of hiring, promotion, renting, buying, gaining education, and everyday economic activities. Thus, affirmativeRead MoreAffirmative Action Is An Action Or Policy? Essay1774 Words   |  8 Pages Affirmative Action remains one of the more complicated and controversial topics dealt with in American society. Affirmative Action is an action or policy designed to protect specific groups who suffer from discrimination, and provide them with programs and special opportunities. These government or private programs were designed to set right historical injustices towards the members of these groups who have suffered things like employment and e ducational disadvantages from racial discrimination

Hollywood’s Negative Impact on Americans’ Body Image Free Essays

The problem with this is that it is negatively effecting people and their views Of their self-worth. The negativity that Hollywood is pushing on body image greatly affects women in their teens as well as older women. The pressure to look just as beautiful as Hollywood stars is greatly detrimental to mental and physical health. We will write a custom essay sample on Hollywood’s Negative Impact on Americans’ Body Image or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example there are disorders that are directly involved in the damage to the human body such as anorexia and bulimia. Both of which are disorders that are directly related to the way one sees oneself. In an age where image is everything, natural beauty is a thing that is narrowly promoted. This frame of mind is damaging and is changing the way people perceive beauty. Beauty is no longer modeled after natural body images, but is modeled after tan and toned supermodels with perfect hair and perfect skin. The reality is that not everybody fits this type of beauty. There is not only one form of beauty. Hollywood is guilty for its stars to have an army of makeup artists, hairstylists, wardrobe stylists and personal assistants that insure the star look as perfect as possible at all times. This gives the general public false ideals of what beauty is. Not everybody has an army of people around them constantly to ensure they always look perfect. This is one of the key factors that leads young people into believing a false definition of beauty. The front page of nearly every magazine contains the edited pictures of stars that hardly looks like their true selves. Again, overly traumatizing what the idea of beauty is. Instead of promoting these same liberties in a more natural way, they are depicted as a form of perfection that is highly unrealistic. This in turn promoting perfection instead of individual beauty. This is a continuous problem for America’s societies because it forges unrealistic expectations of what people should look like. These expectations also push people into drastic measures. People have been resulting to extreme dieting to look skinnier or paying to have plastic surgery done. This problem also creates other problems such as stereotypes and not socially excepting people just because they are not attractive. How to cite Hollywood’s Negative Impact on Americans’ Body Image, Papers

Veneer free essay sample

Direct and indirect veneers Dental veneers (sometimes called porcelain veneers or dental porcelain laminates) are wafer-thin, custom-made shells of tooth-colored materials designed to cover the front surface of teeth to improve your appearance. These shells are bonded to the front of the teeth changing their color, shape, size, or length. There are two main types of material used to fabricate a veneer,  composite (resin) and dental porcelain. Porcelain veneers resist stains better than resin veneers and better mimic the light reflecting properties of natural teeth. Resin veneers are thinner and require removal of In 1930, a Californian dentist called Charles Pincus created the first veneers. These were predominantly used to improve the look and smiles of Hollywood actors and actresses at the time, many of whom it is thought, failed to take care of their teeth and appeared glamorous until the moment when they opened their mouth, only to reveal their broken or decaying teeth. It is thought that it was the procedure of adding veneers which led to the legendary ‘Hollywood Smile’. Charles Pincus pioneered dental veneers by gluing a very thin tooth like piece of porcelain over the actors natural teeth to improve the appearance and so create an illusion of perfect straight white healthy teeth, like modern porcelain veneers. The dental veneers only lasted a short while though, as they were glued on with denture adhesive. It was not until 1982, when a research by Simonsen and Calamia took place which showed that porcelain veneers could be etched with hydrofluoric acid which it was felt would enable the placement of veneers to be bonded onto the tooth permanently. Indications Traumatized/fractured teeth Anatomically malformed teeth Hypoplasia of enamel Stained/discolored teeth (intrinsic or extrinsic) Diastemas Misaligned teeth (not too much) Eroded teeth Or just for a better esthetic look on the patients request Contraindications Patients with bruxism Teeth with large class 3 restorations Severely rotated teeth(teeth that are too much rotated) Mandibular teeth Bulimic/Anorectic patients Too little enamel for bonding Patients with a bad oral hygiene Patients with a lot of caries The veneers are divided into three groups according to the materials and techniques that are applied: Direct, indirect and direct-indirect veneers. The direct veneers are made of composite, directly in the dental cabinet of the clinician himself, hence the name â€Å"direct composite veneers†, meaning that the patient will leave the cabinet with the veneers already after the first meeting because no lab work of a technician is needed. It is less expensive than the ceramic veneers, but also less resistant to damage. The indirect veneers on the other hand are made in the laboratory by a technician, and are usually made in ceramics, which implies that the patient will leave the cabinet after the first meeting without the final veneers, but with temporary composite veneers, and a second meeting is required for the cementation of the final ceramic veneers. This choice is of course more expensive for the patient not only because of the ceramics, but also cause of the work that the technician is doing. There is also a small group of veneers called direct-indirect veneers, which is said to utilize the advantages of both the direct and indirect techniques of the restorations with improved physical properties, this is the least used technique that is least used. First meeting: Preparation of the teeth, impression, color One of the fundamental advantages of using porcelain veneers to create changes for teeth, as opposed to other types of porcelain dental restorations, is that very little tooth reduction is needed. In general (and depending upon the specifics of the case) the dentist only needs to trim the ooth the same amount as the thickness of the veneer being placed. In most cases this means that the tooth reduction will be as little as . 4 to . 8 of a millimeter (0. 3-0. 4 at the cervical third and 0. 5 – 0. 8 at the middle and incisal thirds). Thats on the same order of thickness as the plastic credit card carried in a persons wallet. In comparison dental crowns require up to 2 millimeters of trimming, and this amount of reduction is needed on all aspects of the tooth, not just the front side as is the case with porcelain veneers. There can be differing circumstances or philosophies regarding the need to trim the biting edge of a tooth when it is prepared for a porcelain veneer. In some cases the veneer might feather out and end right at the tip of the tooth whereas in other cases the veneer will need to wrap over and encase the biting edge. When the biting edge of the tooth is reduced it is usually on the order of about 1. 5 millimeters. The gingival preparation was in older times almost always places subgingivally, but nowadays they are often placed just supragingival. When the tooth/teeth are prepared for the veneers it is time to take the impression of the dental arches to send it to the dental laboratory where the technician will start making the ceramic veneers. Because it will take some time for the dental laboratory to be finished with the veneers, it is needed for the clinician to create a temporary veneer for the patient, this is easily done with some fluid composite and an amalgam impression of the prepared teeth. The reason for putting temporary veneers is not only cause of the patient’s convenience, but also to protect the prepared surfaces on the teeth from getting destroyed while waiting for the final cementation of the ceramic veneer. The wanted color of the veneer is very important, in an esthetic point of view. The color should be decided in the beginning of the appointment, and under good lighting conditions, the color chosen could be a decision made of both the dentist and the patient, together. Second meeting: â€Å"Try-in† of the veneer, bonding of the veneer When the technician is finished with the veneers he sends them back to the dentist, and then it’s time for the patient’s second visit, in which he will get his temporary veneers replaced by the permanent ceramic veneers. The first thing the dentist is doing is to anesthetize those teeth on which the veneers will be applied, and this is because the cementation of the veneers might be a quite sensitive and sometimes even painful activity. After that the dentist will remove the temporary veneer and then clean the surface of the prepared teeth. To get a strong and long lasting bond between the porcelain and the tooth all debris and temporary cementation material have to be removed. Then the dentist will evaluate the fit, shape and contour of the veneers, and make sure that the veneers fit on the prepared teeth and with the neighboring teeth and structures. At last, the dentist will verify the color of the veneers, and because the porcelain veneers are quite translucent the final color of the veneer will also be dependent on the shade of the cement that will bond the veneer to the tooth. So a number or different test pastes will be tried with the veneers, to see which one that gives the best esthetic appearance of the veneer in relation to the neighboring teeth. Now it’s time for the veneers to be permanently bonded to the prepared teeth, and a few different procedures are made to optimize the bonding of the veneers to the dental substances. First the veneer itself has to be cleaned and prepared for the bonding, and this is done through surface etching for 90 seconds and then rinsing and drying for another 60 seconds, after that the dentist applies a silane that needs to be dried for one minute in about 100 degrees Celsius, and the veneer is now ready to be bonded to the tooth. After that the dentist will start etching the surface of the prepared teeth, for about 20 seconds, and then wash and dry the tooth so all traces of the etching gel is removed. Then the bonding agent it applied on the prepared teeth and light cured for about 20 seconds. The dentist will now put the cement inside the veneer and place the veneer onto the prepared tooth and then gently press on the veneer so that excess cement will come out from underneath the veneer. The dentist removes all the excess cement from around the veneer and tooth and will then light cure the cement for about 1 minute. Now the veneer is put there for good and will hopefully stay there for at least 10-15 years. The dentist will finish the work by emoving the now hard excess of cement around the veneer and also fix the shape or outline of the veneer if there are any issues with those. And the last thing to check is the mandibular movements while having an occlusion paper in between the veneer and the antagonist to check so that the veneer is not too long, but if so, then to slightly use the drill to adjust the veneer to a better occlusal fit. Summary Porcelain veneer restorations requ ire close attention to detail from beginning to end. It is often important to go slowly when working with these cases. Patients receiving them have high expectations that go beyond considerations of function alone. But also a good oral hygiene of the patient is necessary in order to maximize the lifespan of the veneers, which is around 10-15 years. Success is the result of careful selection of teeth to receive veneers; preparing teeth in a manner that optimizes the aesthetic potential of the veneer; employing techniques that maximize the strength of both the veneer and its adhesive bond to the tooth; utilizing high-quality provisional veneers; insisting on a precision fit; and paying attention to the details of adhesive bonding protocols.

Title Nine Essay Example For Students

Title Nine Essay Throughout generations, humans have played organized games and sports. For that same amount of time, it has been instilled that men are faster, stronger, and just plain better at athletics. We also have come to realize that the slower, weaker, and not as good women make up for physical strength with mental prowess, to succeed on the playing fields and courts of the world. However, this concept has not caught up with athletic directors, coaches, and trustees boards across the country. Women’s athletics is still not given the financial backing, the practice facilities, the correct training personnel, and the support of the general public for building winning programs; on the other hand, losing men’s programs are given any and everything for mediocre results. Title IX was instated 25 years ago, but the results are hard to see, if they can be seen at all. In states like Connecticut, where there are no professional sports teams, state universities are the big ticket in town. The University of Connecticut has two major sports, men’s and women’s basketball. We will write a custom essay on Title Nine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Winning programs, that include national championships, have everyone in the state talking. They are talking about two successful coaches, two successful teams, and one successful athletic department. According to the UConn Athletic web page, Jim Calhoun, coach of the UConn’s Men’s Basketball team, has a 304-120 (. 717) record and 1 national championship in his 13 years as head coach. Geno Auriemma, coach of the UConn’s Women’s Basketball team, has a record of 393-95 (. 805) and 2 national championships over the past 15 years. One would think that with seniority, a better winning percentage, and more national championships the women’s coach would be paid better. Yeah okay, this is America. Geno Auriemma’s salary was about $ 250,000 for the year, while his male coaching counterpart made $ 875,000. (March 2000 issue of Connecticut Magazine) This practice is actually quite common. Seniority or winning does not earn more money, because it is believed that the men’s game is harder to coach then the women’s game. Umm†¦ am I missing something? A sport is a sport, no matter who is playing it, or so I thought. According to the Detroit Free Press coaches of women’s teams, earn 67 cents to every dollar that a coach of a men’s team earns. These were shown not to be the only discrepancies between men’s and women’s program. The Detroit Free Press analysis shows women’s sports get 25 percent of the athletic budgets, 27 percent of the recruiting dollars and 38 percent of the financial aid. The average Big 12 School spent an average of 2. 2 million dollars on its men’s programs. The average spent on women’s programs was $ 922,097. That’s a difference of about 1. 3 million dollars. These trends continue throughout the country. Athletic Directors are quick to add women’s programs to be compliant with the law, but do little to support them once they are up and running. Women’s programs are then put into an impossible situation; they are not given the resources to bring in the best recruits, the best coaches, or the best equipment. They are then told to win, and if they do not they are in danger of losing their sport. If they happen to win, it is often ignored or forgotten quickly. As we move into the 21st century, we have to wake up as a nation. Equality is not simply giving males and females the same number of athletes or sports, but rather support. This support should be financial, emotional, and physical. All athletes should look up at home games and see the President of the University, the Athletic Director, and alumni at a game. In the perfect world, this would happen but this is the real world. In the real world, most people can’t tell you who won the national championship in women’s basketball, but can tell you every loser in the past 10 Super Bowls.

Bernoulli essays

Bernoulli essays The Bernoullis Principle was a phonomena for all physics. He was considered to me the father of mathematical physics. The principle itslef was named after the Swiss scientist named Daniel Bernoulli during the eighteenth century. Bernoulli studied the many relationships among fluid and pressure. This principle shows the relationship of velocity, pressure, and the height for a steady fluid flow. When a horizontal flow is created, the speed of the fluid is increased while the pressure it creates decreases. The strong example of this is shown through the lift of an airplane in its motion. When the speed of the plane begins to increase, air is flowed faster over the curved top of the wing rather than the bottom part of the wing underneath. When the pressure becomes exerted upwards a net upward force is greated. This is called lift. This is because the pressure that is exerted downward above the wing is not as great of pressure as being exerted upwards. Another example demonstrating this similar method is witnessed in the spoilers of race cars. The spoilers are shaped in the image of an upside down wing . The curved surface it has in the bottom of the wing is what causes and produces the net downward force. In other words, a wing with more curvature on the top surface will have a greater lift than a wing with a flat surface. The similar application for demonstarting this and helping Bernoulli achieve his conclusion is the Venturi Tube. When Bernoulli was studing the flows of fluid as it reached the area in which the the Venturi Tubes pipe diameter was reduced. From this, Bernoulli stated that the velocity of the fluid, flowing through the most narrow diameter is increased while the pressure in that area becomes decreased. The Bernoullis Princliple clearly states that the pressure of a fluid that could be liquid or gas decreases when the speed of the fluid begins to increase. In the fluid, the high speed flow becomes a ...

Advantages of Good Agricultural Practices

Advantages of Good Agricultural Practices SWAGATA SETH Â   Good Agricultural Practices History The U. S in 1998 issued a guidance under which the contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables and how to reduce it was given by Food and Drug Administration was there. (USDA, 2011). In 2002 GAP was established by the agengy which are existed so they donot require any reauthorization. ( National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, 2014) Good agricultural practices have main points of food safety with the points like harvesting, transportation of products and advice the grower to implement the general recommendation of adopted the best management practices( Sudheer & Indria, 2007). Good agricultural practices are the practices which are used for the good economic conditions and also social conditions as well as it encompasses environment al issues for the commercialisation and good market value of horticultural and agricultural products also it tries to give good quality food which is healthier, safer, nutritious to the consum ers( The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia , 2012). Good agricultural practices also includes non-food products as well as processing foods. These practices make the food more safe from consumption point of view(Anonymous, 2008). Farming practices includes a very large scope of good agricultural practices at different at different levels. In these practices sustainable agriculture methods are also included(TNAU, 2015). Rules and regulations for the good agricultural practices includes a huge number of activities which may include from the product which are in the farm at cultivation stage, then it also includes the fields the polyhouses, type of fertilisers, seeds which is used then irrigation facilities, pesticides, composting, then interculture operations and then harvesting and also the process which are done outside the fields, like the processing of the products or the products may go through a long distributing channel which includes the middleman, producer and various agents, retailers upto the consumer that is the consumption point(Watts, 2012). Objectives Good agricultural practices needs to keep a proper record of the production process or the technologies which is required for processing or for harvesting of each crops for the areas which are very much good or important agricultural based and ecological regions, and to collect and then plan and the execute then the final process of distribution the knowledge in that major regions (ANONYMOUS, 2015). Good agricultural practices is required for the following reasons There may be contamination in the products which may be biological like fungi, bacteria, viruses, attack when the products are in the field or they are brought to home, although washing, cleaning and cooking can kill the pathogen but if consumed raw then harm can occur ( Eaton& Watson, 2012 ). Some of the important factors which should be keep in mind for Good agricultural practices. 1. Washing of products :- a)Â   Washing of products are necessary to remove the dust particles, chemicals, soil pathogen, microorganisms with fresh water( Srivastava & Kumar, 2009). b) Clean and fresh water is necessary when tanks are used. Paddle conveyor washers and rotary machines are used for washing(Gupta, 2015). 2. Cleaning: cleaning is a practice where the unwanted materials are removed which may be the green, yellow brown, dead insects soggy parts of fruits or other undesirable items either by hand picking or mechanically( Sharma, 2009).

Assess the impact of Multi- (or Trans-) National Corporations on Essay

Assess the impact of Multi- (or Trans-) National Corporations on international relations. Illustrate your points with examples from the activities of named corp - Essay Example Different markets have welcomes the move taken by such multinational giants but some of them have resisted the affect which has been created by them. Such is the eventual effect by these multinational corporations that many local businesses have winded up in a quick manner, thus putting them out of business in the wake of sheer competitive activity that these multinationals bring with their set agendas. The impact however has been on both sides of the divide – good as well as bad. The results have similarly been lopsided at times, favoring the business regimes in certain cases while bankrupting the parent organization in other instances. The sort of impact these multinational corporations have had on the global relations is something to ponder upon deeply though. This is because it is the international platform which indeed lays the success or failure basis for these multinationals. (Dunning, 2001) The multinational corporations worldwide face a number of challenges when they decide to go global. This is a common problem that they face since they do not have any prior knowledge or understanding of the new territory that they will do their business from. However what best they can do is to find out and research the strengths and weaknesses of this area and hence upon getting the much needed knowledge, base their theories and strategies in a much more effective and efficient manner. This will help one and all to better understand what the new territory, region or country offers the business and the people associated with it. The best thing is that the benefits and disadvantages are determined even before the multinational corporation goes the global way and thus it saves itself from embarrassment which it might face without having proper knowledge and adequate research within it. The significant thing here is to get prepared and be ready for what is to come in the future as

Letter of Intent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Letter of Intent - Essay Example sode has really defined my career in financial services for last 11 years in various functions including programming, analytics, portfolio management, risk management, and investment advisory where I have always strived to apply my profound academic knowledge. At BNY Mellon Asset Management, I work for Investment Strategy and Solutions group. My role traditionally has been portfolio management, portfolio construction, strategic and tactical asset allocation for multi-asset strategies. Very recently, I had an opportunity to work on an investment research topic on investing in emerging markets. I was the primary contributor to the research as well as the co-author of the subsequent publication on thematic investing in emerging markets. The topic pertains to creating better building blocks for investing. My proven ability for investment research rekindled in me, the desire to reconnect with academia. I therefore, took this unique opportunity provided for executive PhD at EDHEC-Risk Institute to research to solve the gravest problems the investment industry is currently facing in times of financial crisis. This is more important considering that pension plans are underfunded, employees that are more recent are left stranded without proper ret irement solutions, developed countries are debt laden and have aging demographics. Developing countries, on the other hand, have significant human capital, resources and surplus they are looking for answers to tug of war between liquidity and reserve needs and long-term welfare planning, while fulfilling their investment objectives. In my current role as an asset allocation strategist, I have been posed with several institutional investment challenges that have, usually, required a distinct client oriented solution. I recently attended Advances in Asset Allocation conference offered by EDHEC-Risk Institute. I really liked how Dr. Martellini summarized all aspects of latest developments in portfolio construction, strategic and

Organizational Theory and The Heart of Change Essay Example for Free

Organizational Theory and The Heart of Change Essay The book The Heart of Change shows the practical side of the theories that are taught in the course textbook. It presents stories of successes and failures based in the application of concepts discussed in Organizational Behavior and Management and in class. Although we talked about several different concepts the ones that are evident in the examples in The Heart Of Change are the more progressive and individual centered approaches. The leadership characteristics that are important to successful change in an organization are those that are espoused in the transformational theory of management. It makes sense that ideals in line with the transformational management theory would be evident in a book about how to bring about positive change in an organization. Discussion A transformational leader essentially is about growth through change, about challenging the status quo, and staff to grow and perform it is about empowerment and all of those things are important in regards to the approach put forth in The Heart Of Change. A key theme in The Heart Of Change is that change is not brought about by statistical analysis or common sense, but it comes after changing the way that people feel about an issue. It is about connecting with the individual and bringing about an emotive response that motivates a change in behavior. And that is in line with one of the focal traits of a transformational leader. They are visionary leaders who focus who create the mission, focus and goals for the organization. Their approach to leadership is centered around the individual. This is important because for a leader to effectively implement change based The Heart Of Change they would have to be aware of they motivational factors of their employees so they know how do best address the intrinsic needs to change the attitudes of employees. The Heart Of Change shows that change does not happen simply by instituting different systems, but that people are the  force that ultimately determines how well an organization adapts change. That also relates to the leadership style of the transformational leader. They focus on the people as the key elements to bring change to an organization. Group Emotional Intelligence is a topic that we discussed in class that is essential to the type of change discussed in The Heart Of Change. The second stage of change is about putting together a team that is able drive the company towards its specific goal in regards to instituting change. There needs to be a strong force pushing the change and keeping the urgency up. It is understandably to much for on person to handle so there needs to be a team of interested, motivated people to act as that driving force. The three ideas of trust, sense of group identity, and group efficacy are essential to group effectiveness. The group that is at the forefront of the change action in an organization needs to exhibit a high EI. Not only because they need to be efficient, but because they are a model for the rest of the organization. This again relates to the character traits of the transformational leadership theory. Being a role model, showing others behaviors to emulate are what transformational leaders do, and this is what the change guiding group does as described in The Heart Of Change. Empowerment is an issue that is imperative to the change process. We touched on the idea of empowerment while exploring power, and politics in the workplace. Empowerment is important in regards to The Heart Of Change, because it is also about ownership. For change to be effective it takes an entire organization to believe in the change process. Through empowerment of the staff in the change process you are creating a sense of ownership for them in the process of change. Once they feel like they are an important part of the process it creates a sense of pride in their part of the process. In the workplace a sense of pride usually leads to a commitment to excellence in working towards the goals of the organization. Again this is a trait of transformational leadership. Transformational leaders encourage their teams and staff to be innovative, creative and encourage them to take risks. Empowerment is a tool, which is used to elicit the abovementioned traits in the staff, and drives the c hange. Organizational socialization is the way values; abilities, expected behaviors, and social knowledge of a organization are shared. It is based on creating an uniformity in mission, beliefs and actions. Socialization, in regards to the organizational change does not seem that it is an important issue in regards to affecting change in an organization. However, it is an integral part in sustaining any positive gains that have come from organizational change. After any sort of change occurs it must be accompanied with a change in the formal and informal socialization procedures to ensure they reflect the new organizational structure and culture. Effective socialization is imperative to ensure the change is long lasting. Updating Standard Operating Procedures for existing staff, as well as orientation procedures should reinforce the new changes for current staff, and introduce them to the new staff. Changing a system in simple. Sustaining a new culture and behavior in the workplace is difficult. People tend to revert to what is comfortable to them. In organizations that are in the process of implementing change is systems or culture, new people to the organization are the easiest to accept and adapt to the new changes. A new active socialization procedure needs to be adopted to address the veterans in the organization. They are the group that will be more apt to fall into old habits. Communication in the workplace is key to change, and is a theme that is throughout The Heart Of Change. Communication is important throughout several different stages of the change process as described in The Heart Of Change. There is a chapter in The Heart Of Change where they concentrate on communication of the vision and goals to the organization as a whole to motivate the members to buy into the vision. However, communication is very important during the first stage of change. In this stage the message communicated is the catalyst that will inspire the rest of organization to want to change. The communication should be tailored to evoke an emotional response, to motivate staff. The message can be we need to change, but the delivery of the message is has much to do its effectiveness. Also communication is important in the socialization aspect of sustaining  change. Within an organization communication comes in different forms. Procedures and rules are in the employee handbook, emails and memos. The culture of a workplace is transmitted through symbols and actions. The latter of the aforementioned communication is difficult and requires more effort to see that it is carried out in a manner that supports the organizational change. If there is a specific message, and vision that is to resonate with people and motivate them, all the actions of the leaders in the in the organization should reflect the message. Conclusion Change is a difficult process for an individual, but for an organization the difficulty grows exponentially. For an organization to change the actions and culture of everybody within the organization must change as well. There are the logistics involved in changing organizational structure. Then there is the task of changing the behavior of the employees as well. That is where the most obstacles will be found. The Heart Of Change offers a variety of experiences to highlight their theory in regards to the steps of successful change. Rooted in their theory are concepts that were discussed in class. Most of concepts that are evident in the change process theory are progressive and reflect ideas indicative of transformational leadership theory. The Heart Of Change has brought the individual concepts together and shown how they can work together to affect successful change in an organization. Reading The Heart Of Change shows how the powerful and effective the ideas that we learned about are, and how they can benefit us as we take leadership positions in our organizations.

Chocolate Chip Cookie report :: essays research papers

To be, or Not to Be the Best   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chocolate Chip Cookie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The delicious smell of chocolate chip cookies is known to everyone across the nation. Americans thrive on deserts and chocolate chip cookies happen to be one of the many favorites. As there are many different types of deserts, there are also many different brands of chocolate chip cookies. Most Americans have their own preferences about which chocolate chip cookie they consider the best. I made it my goal to go out an find the best chocolate chip cookie by surveying people and testing three popular brands of cookies for flavor, chewiness, and appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three chocolate chip cookie brands tested were Chips Ahoy!, Keebler’s Original Soft Batch, and Cub Foods brand. The three brands were rated on a scale from one to three (three being the best, one the worst) on their flavor, chewiness, and appearance. To score a three on flavor the cookie had to taste delicious and melt in your mouth like ice cream outside on a hot summer day. To score a three on chewiness, it had to be very soft like dough and take a long time to finish. Finally, to rate a three on appearance the cookie had to be very appealing to the taste tester and look delicious to eat. The brand of cookies that scored the highest in each category, I crowned the best chocolate chip cookie in America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As everyone knows in order to be the best cookie, the cookie has to have amazing flavor. I asked my family members to volunteer and taste test each brand of cookies and rate them on a scale from one to three for their flavor. My family members ate each cookie and checked off which brand they preferred. The results show the brand of cookie with the best flavor was Keebler’s Original Soft Batch. Taste testers enjoyed the rich and smooth chocolate in the cookie. The cookie with the second best flavor was Chips Ahoy! brand cookies. Taste testers liked this cookies similarity to cookie dough, but did not enjoy the flavor as much as Keebler’s Original Soft Batch. The cookie with the worst flavor was the Cub Foods brand cookies because their taste was fake and stale. After looking at these results I found Americans prefer the flavor of Keebler’s Original Soft Batch cookies to have the best taste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another key ingredient in the best cookie has to be the chewiness.

Education Sector Essay

The typical Indian classroom was once characterized by students sitting through hour-long teacher monologues. Now, technology is making life easier for both students and educators. Schools are increasingly adopting digital teaching solutions to engage with a generation of pupils well-versed with the likes of PlayStations and iPads, and trying to make the classroom environment more inclusive and participatory. Take Smartclass from Educomp Solutions, one of the first Indian companies in this space. Smartclass is essentially a digital content library of curriculum-mapped, multimedia-rich, 3D content. It also enables teachers to quickly assess how much of a particular lesson students have been able to assimilate during the class. Once a topic is covered, the teacher gives the class a set of questions on a large screen. Each student then answers via a personal answering device or the smart assessment system. The teacher gets the scores right away and based on that, she repeats parts of the lesson that the students don’t appear to have grasped. â€Å"Technology makes the teaching-learning process very easy and interesting,† says Harish Arora, a chemistry teacher at the Bal Bharti Public School in New Delhi who has been using Smartclass since 2004. â€Å"For instance, [earlier] it would easily take me one full lecture to just draw an electromagnetic cell on the blackboard. Though I could explain the cell structure, there was no way I could have managed to show them how it really functions. This is where technology comes to our aid — now I can show the students a 3D model of the cell and how it functions. Instead of wasting precious time drawing the diagram on the blackboard, I can invest it in building the conceptual clarity of my students. † According to Abhinav Dhar, director for K-12 at Educomp Solutions, more than 12,000 schools across 560 districts in India have adopted Smartclass. More importantly, the number is growing at almost 20 schools a day. On average, in each of these schools eight classrooms are using Smartclass. â€Å"When we launched Smartclass in 2004 as the first-ever digital classroom program, it was an uphill task convincing schools to adopt it,† Dhar notes. â€Å"These schools had not witnessed any change in a century†¦. It is a completely different scenario now. Private schools across India today see [technology] as an imperative. A digital classroom is set to become the bare-minimum teaching accessory in schools, just like a blackboard is today. † Dhar recalls that one major roadblock for Educomp’s proposition in the early days was on the price front. At US$4,000 (at the exchange rate of Rs. 50 to a U. S. dollar) per classroom, schools found the product very expensive. To get over this hurdle, Educomp quickly decided to make the initial investment and gave the schools an option to pay over a period of three to five years. The strategy worked. Enthused by the market response, in January Educomp launched an upgraded version — the Smartclass Class Transformation System — with more features, including simulations, mind maps, worksheets, web links, a diagram maker, graphic organizers and assessment tools. Huge Potential According to the â€Å"Indian Education Sector Outlook — Insights on Schooling Segment,† a report released by New Delhi–based research and consultancy firm Technopak Advisors in May, the total number of schools in India stands at 1. 3 million. Of these, private schools account for 20%. Educomp’s Dhar points out that only around 10% of the private schools have tapped the potential of multimedia classroom teaching whereas in government schools, it has barely made any inroads. â€Å"The current market size for digitized school products in private schools is around US$500 million,† says Enayet Kabir, associate director for education at Technopak. â€Å"This is expected to grow at a CAGR [compound annual growth rate] of 20% to reach the over US$2 billion mark by 2020. However, the market potential then might get as big as US$4 billion [i. e.if the total population of private schools that could adopt multimedia actually adopt it. ] Apart from this, the current market size for ICT [information and communications technology] in government schools is US$750 million. We expect this to grow five times by 2020 due to the current low level of penetration in government schools. † Kabir lists Educomp Solutions, Everonn Education, NIIT, Core Education & Technologies, IL&FS and Compucom as dominant players in this sector. New entrants include HCL Infosystems, Learn Next, Tata Interactive Systems, Mexus Education, S.Chand Harcourt (India) and iDiscoveri Education. Except for S. Chand Harcourt, which is a joint venture between S. Chand and US-based Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, all the others are Indian firms. A recent trend is that schools in tier two and tier three cities are increasingly adopting the latest technology. Rajesh Shethia, head of sales and marketing at Tata Interactive Systems, which launched Tata ClassEdge in early 2011 and has partnered up with more than 900 schools, says that â€Å"more than half of the demand for digital classrooms is from tier two and tier three cities. † According to Shethia, schools in these smaller cities realize that it is difficult for their students to get as much exposure as students from tier one cities. â€Å"[So] they proactively subscribe to solutions such as ours, which richly benefit both teachers and students by simplifying the syllabus†¦. Even parents want the best for their wards and are not averse to paying a little extra. They see value in these initiatives by schools to modernize the way teaching is imparted today. † Making some back-of-the-envelope calculations Shethia adds: â€Å"If we consider the top 100,000 private schools in India as the captive market, the potential is approximately two million classrooms of which currently just about 80,000 have been digitized. † Srikanth B. Iyer, COO of Pearson Education Services, also sees tremendous potential in the smaller cities. Pearson provides end-to-end education solutions in the K-12 segment. Its multimedia tool, DigitALly, has been adopted in more than 3,000 private schools across India since 2004. â€Å"DigitALly installations have been growing at three times the market for the past two years,† Iyer says. â€Å"Currently, more than 60% of our customers are from tier two and tier three towns, such as Barpeta (in the state of Assam), Sohagpur (in Madhya Pradesh) and Balia (in Uttar Pradesh). † In order to make its offering attractive to the schools, Pearson has devised a monthly payment model under which a school pays around US$2 per student per month. â€Å"As the price point is affordable, schools across all locations and fee structures find it viable to opt for our solution,† Iyer notes. â€Å"We focus on tier two and tier three towns and cities where penetration is relatively low and desire for adoption of technology is high. † HCL’s Digischool program, which launched about 18 months ago, has also made a strong beginning, with a client base of more than 2,500 schools. Partnering with State Governments Meanwhile, state governments are also giving a boost to the adoption of technology in schools. Edureach, a divison of Educomp, has partnered with 16 state governments and more than 30 education departments and boards in the country, covering over 36,000 government schools and reaching out to more than 10. 60 million students. â€Å"Edureach leads the market with 27% of the total schools where ICT projects have been implemented,† says Soumya Kanti, president of Edureach. â€Å"We are looking [to add] 3,000 more schools this fiscal year and 20,000 to 25,000 additional schools in the next five years. † As of now, Edureach has created digital learning content in more than 14 regional languages for these projects. In the northern state of Haryana, CORE Education and Technologies is implementing a US$59 million ICT project that aims to benefit 5 million students across 2,622 schools. Five of these schools will be developed as â€Å"Smart† schools. CORE is also implementing ICT projects in the states of Gujarat, Meghalaya, Punjab, Maharashtra and Nagaland. The scope of work in these projects ranges from implementation of computer-aided learning in schools, installing bio-metric devices to monitor attendance of teachers, and setting up computer hardware, software and other allied accessories and equipments. â€Å"The task has not been an easy one,† admits Anshul Sonak, president of CORE. â€Å"There are several logistical issues. Delivery of equipment to rural areas is a big challenge in itself†¦. There is lack of basic infrastructure — either there are no classrooms or there are ones with no windows†¦. Some schools don’t even have toilets. Moreover, the power availability in these areas is often poor and we have had to deploy generator sets in many schools. † But despite the challenges, educationists are optimistic. Rahul De, professor of quantitative methods and information systems area at the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore (IIM-B) believes that â€Å"ICT can have a huge impact on our education system. † He points out that ICT can result in increasing the reach [of education] and in keeping the costs low. â€Å"With increasing penetration of mobile phones and Internet kiosks, the potential is indeed immense,† he adds. A study conducted by De in 2009 on the economic impact of free and open source software (FOSS) in India found that it resulted in significant cost savings. â€Å"FOSS can play a huge role in education,† De notes. â€Å"In the state of Kerala, it has already had a huge impact in both saving costs and providing state-of-the-art access computing to students in government schools. FOSS has a huge number of packages for school students, many of which can be ported to local languages and used in schools. It is also helping disabled students in a big way, by enabling them to access digital resources using audio-visual aids. † Edureach’s Kanti adds that a study by the Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research in Dharwad in Karnataka in 2006 revealed significant improvement in student enrolment and attendance, as well as a reduction of student dropouts due to ICT interventions. â€Å"Yet another study conducted by the Xavier Institute of Management in Bhubaneswar in 2007 revealed that computer-aided education has improved the performance of children in subjects such as English, mathematics and science, which are taught through computers using multimedia-based educational content. † All in a Tab In line with this increasing interest in technology for school education, there has been a rush of education-focused tablet computers in the market. The most high-profile of these has been Aakash, which was launched by Kapil Sibal, union minister for human resource development, in October 2011. The Aakash project is part of the ministry’s National Mission on Education through Information & Communication Technology (NME-ICT). It aims to eliminate digital illiteracy by distributing the Aakash tablets to students across India at subsidized rates. While the project itself has become mired in delays and controversy, it has generated a lot of awareness and interest among students around the educational tablet. Meanwhile, DataWind, the Canada-based firm that partnered with the union government for the Aakash project, has also launched UbiSlate7, the commercial version of Aakash. â€Å"The opportunity for low-cost tablets in India is huge. In the next two years, it will exceed the size of the computer market in India i. e. 10 million units per year,† says Suneet Singh Tuli, president and CEO of DataWind. In April, technology firm HCL Infosystems launched the MyEdu Tab, which is priced at around US$230 for the K-12 version. The device comes preloaded with educational applications and also books from the National Council of Educational Research and Training, a government organization. Anand Ekambaram, senior vice-president and head of learning at HCL Infosystems, is in the process of partnering with more than 30 educational institutes across India for MyEdu Tab. â€Å"MyEdu Tab has content offline and can be accessed over the cloud. It allows students to learn at their own pace,† Ekambaram notes. â€Å"With a topic revision application and a self-assessment engine, students can evaluate their skills and knowledge on their own. Teachers can upload content, which can be accessed by students and parents for tasks such as homework and progress reports on their respective devices. The parent can monitor the progress of his or her child through the cloud-based ecosystem. † Earlier this year, Micromax, a leading Indian handset manufacturer, also launched an edutainment device called Funbook. Micromax has also partnered with Pearson and Everonn to make available relevant content for students. Susha John, director and CEO at Everonn, was upbeat at the launch. â€Å"Digital learning facilitated through tablets will revolutionize the educational space,† John said. â€Å"Everonn has invested in developing content and services targeted toward tablet audiences. To start with, we will offer our school curriculum-learning modules †¦ and at home live tuition products on the Funbook. Students can now have access to good teachers, educational content and a great learning experience anytime, anywhere. † At Pearson, Max Gabriel, senior vice-president and chief technology officer, is â€Å"focusing on K-12 content in English to begin with. We are sitting on a huge repository of existing content. Adding the right level of interactivity and richer experience will be our priority. † Meanwhile, Educomp is gearing up to launch content that is device agnostic and can be run on any tablet. But even as schools in India are going through this transformation powered by technology, one key question is how big a role technology will play in the education sector. In an earlier interview with India Knowledge@Wharton, S. Sadagopan, founder-director at the International Institute of Information Technology in Bangalore, pointed out that there are four parts to learning — lectures, library, laboratory and life — noting that, â€Å"Technology plays a critical role in all these. † Kabir of Technopak adds another perspective. â€Å"Despite numerous studies on the impact of ICT in education, the outcomes remain difficult to measure and open to much debate. It needs to be understood that technology is only an enabler and a force multiplier and cannot be treated as a panacea. We believe that impressive gains in teaching-learning outcomes are possible only through an integrated approach rather than a piecemeal intervention. † Don Huesman, managing director of Wharton’s innovation group, recommends caution in considering potential investments in educational technologies. â€Å"These are very exciting times for online and distance education technologies, but there are risks facing parents, educators and policy makers in evaluating the opportunities these new technologies, and their proponents, represent. † Huesman points to the recent growth in high-quality, free, online educational courseware offered on websites like the Khan Academy and the Math Forum, as well as the work of the Open Learning Initiative in developing intelligent cognitive tutors and learning analytics. â€Å"But such technologies, available from a global network of resources, only provide value when understood, chosen and integrated into a local educational community,† he says. As an illustration, Huesman offers the example of cyber kiosks, provided in recent years by foundations at no cost to rural communities in India, exacerbating the â€Å"gender divide† in many traditional communities in which young women congregating at public cyber cafes, also frequented by young men, would be considered taboo. â€Å"Interventions by governments and NGOs must be inclusive of local community concerns and aware of local political complications,† Huesman notes. Globalization: Impact on Education by Satish Tandon, September 2005 The principal objective of education has been the development of the whole individual. The minimum level of education that was necessary to achieve this goal in the agrarian society was basic or primary and in the industrial age, secondary. In the present borderless information society, education needs to be able to respond to additional demands of a rapidly globalizing world by raising awareness of environment, peace, cultural and social diversity, increased competitiveness, and the concept of a global village. Such education is to a knowledge or information society what secondary education was to an industrial economy. Education prepares the individual to connect – and live in harmony – with the environment around him. Globalization has changed the size, nature and quality of that environment. The challenge for higher education, therefore, is to reform, create and develop systems that prepare the individual to work in a borderless economy and live in a global society. In other words, our educational institutions need to produce global citizens. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 allowed liberal democracies to claim victory for the capitalist system and contributed to increasing the pace of globalization that was already under way. As globalization gained momentum, market substituted political ideology as the dominant force guiding national and global policies. What followed next, therefore, does not seem so illogical. National governments everywhere – partly in deference to the ascendancy of the market and partly in response to pressure from the private sector to expand their sphere of activities – began to relinquish control over the delivery of social goods. Everything began to be viewed as a commodity that could be produced and delivered by the private sector in line with market forces and according to the principles of supply and demand. One by one – water, electricity, postal services, health, and now education, have been turned into a commodity. The withdrawal of state from higher education has also been helped by economists, who have had an overly simple way of assessing the return on investments in higher education. The basic problem is that they have measured the return on education exclusively through wage differentials. With reference to someone who has no education, someone who has been to primary school, someone who has completed secondary school, and someone with a university degree, one can ask how much more each earns than the previous. These differences are then compared to the incremental amounts invested in their education to find the return. The results generally suggest that higher education yields a lower return than primary or secondary education – and they have been used to justify the skewing of government budgets and development funds away from higher education institutions. The rate of return calculations are flawed because they do not take account of the full range of benefits to those who receive higher education. For example, higher education can enhance health, openness, peace, and social development, and at the same time reduce disease, bigotry and blind nationalism – so the private benefits to the individual and to society are not just the direct labour productivity benefits, as the rate of return analysis suggests. Higher education confers benefits above and beyond enhancing the incomes of those who receive it. And many of these benefits take the form of public goods, such as the contribution of higher education to enterprise, leadership, governance, culture, and participatory democracy, and its potential for lifting the disadvantaged out of poverty. These are all vital building blocks for stronger economies and societies and all routes by which the benefit of investment in higher education multiplies throughout society. Liberal democracies have traditionally operated on the principle of separation of activities in the social sphere just as they have on the principle of separation of powers in the political sphere. The private sector had been given a relatively free hand in the production and delivery of economic goods while the state concentrated on the provision of healthcare, education and other infrastructure goods, also known as public goods. Globalization has changed all that. The rapid expansion of the influence of the private sector at the global level necessitated a corresponding expansion in their sphere of activities by diversifying into the production and delivery of public goods that had always been within the purview of the state. The takeover was swift and remarkable in the sense that the effort did not meet much resistance. One of the major consequences of the globalization of education has been commodification and the corporatization of institutions of higher learning. It is said that the for-profit education market in the United States is worth more than $500 billion in revenue for the involved corporates. More than one thousand state schools have been handed over to corporations to be run as businesses. But there is a fundamental problem with the way business models have been applied to the delivery of education and other public goods. Unthinking adoption of the private sector model prevents the development of a meaningful approach to management in the public services in general or to the social services in particular based on their distinctive purposes, conditions and objectives. There is another, more serious, problem with corporatization of education. Corporations operate on the principles of cost reduction and profit maximization. These require introducing standardization and the packaging of product in compact, measurable, byte-like, configuration. Applied to education, these approaches would possibly negate its basic fabric and purpose. Education has always encouraged and represents openness, inquiry, diversity, research and limitless learning. Corporatization of education would make it elitist – the one provided by corporations for the masses and the poor who cannot afford going to the traditional institutions of learning, and the other for the rich and the affluent. The delivery of public goods and services is and should remain the primary responsibility of the state. Representative government may not be the ideal or perfect arrangement for governance but it represents the best that is available, and certainly more desirable than the private sector management of public services such as education. If the state relinquishes its control over education and education policy, we run the risk of diminishing it to the status of a packaged for-profit product which it is not. Openness, diversity, scholarship, research and disinterested learning will be its biggest victims.

Black Working Poor vs. Black Middle Class

The article examines the relationships between the black working poor and the black middle class. The black middle class is defined as being fragmented, comprised of an array of incomes, professions, and educational levels. The article also states that black middle class experiences economic shifts that move back and forth between blue-collar and white-collar income levels and occupations. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) The black middle class experienced dramatic growth in the post civil-rights era.This growth raised questions about how social and cultural capital among the black middle class has helped the conditions of the black working poor. The author demonstrates through materialist and culturalist frames of the community how black middle class members of a small organization frame community failed to address the needs of the working poor. Materialist frames are rooted in day-to-day material conditions. They are informed by the lived reality of low wages, high rents, and or poor qual ity schools and focus on immediate change of concrete conditions. (Shawn A.Ginwright 2002) Culturalist frames challenge ideas and values, rather than power and people. Through a shared set of ideas and values, culturalist frames focus on symbolic meaning and abstract theories of the social world and attempt to change social meaning and personal identity. They promote specialized ideas about community and social issues and encourage expert-based social change through highly skilled, educated professionals. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) His argument is that the middle class use their skills, and other forms of human capitol to define community issues, while overlooking the interests of the working poor.Then Ginwright used a case study to affirm his theory. The case study was of a middle class community’s use Afrocentric ideology to ameliorate a working class neighborhood high school; the middle class misdiagnosed an obvious problem through culturalist framing resulting in no signif icant improvement in the high school. Afrocentric ideology is a modern concept in response to racist and attitudes about black people. It is a black inspired ideology that affirms blacks in a white dominated society.In the efforts to improve McClymonds High School in Oakland California a group of community advocates, The Black Front For Educational Reform (BUFFER), started coalition with working class parents and concerned citizens to transform the high school. Then BUFFER grew in size from roughly 30 local community individuals to 125 individuals from professors to attorneys. With the original BUFFERS the plan was simple, improve specific issues related to the day-to-day experiences of students, what the school lacked, but also what students at the school needed to survive.First, although many of its members shared the same ideology about the need to improve the conditions for black students at McClymonds High School, there was conflict about which strategy would best serve the nee ds of the students. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) The original working class members of BUFFER wanted to address the material issues such as textbook, facility structure, college prep courses, etc†¦ The new BUFFERS convinced that the problem was from lack of positive ethnic identity and racial pride. They wanted to address educational inequality by implementing an Afrocentric curriculum. This gave the idea of self-esteem issues.The Afrocentric curriculum did get approved and was implemented in the curriculum. For many students the new subject was not understood and Afrocentrism did not have any relevance to their day to day life experiences. The emphasis they placed on Afrocentric education diverted valuable resources to what could have been an effort to redress the pervasive inequality at the High. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) In reading the article it disclosed a serious gap in understanding of society needs between the middle class and the working poor class. Since the article was based on one case study, the results were skewed in favor of the author’s theory.The reading does not provide the benefits obtained by the high school from incorporating an Afrocentric curriculum or another case study that shows similar results. The author made an argument and used only one case study to verify his theory. The reading did provide some insight into the relationship between the two but it only provides inferred reasoning as to why there is a difference between the two. With two different social classes within the same organization, communication was really the necessity that was lacking to have a better outcome in the transformation of the high school. I would definitely recommend this read to a classmate

Free Essays on Death Valley

Death Valley By: Kandis Jessee I am doing my presentation on Death Valley. It is located in California and it’s the driest, hottest place on earth. Death Valley was established in February 11th of 1933. In my presentation I will be covering four main points: Basic Information, The Surrounding Mountains, The Geology of Death Valley, and Interesting Facts. Death Valley is the lowest point on the western coast of the United States. It is two-hundred and eighty-two feet below sea level. There are nine mountain ranges that surround Death Valley. With 3.4 million acres of the park it is labeled as the biggest national park in the United States. The temperatures in Death Valley are excruciating. In the summer months, which range from May until October, the temperature gets up in the hundreds. In 1913 the highest temperature was recorded at an all time high of 134 degrees. Normal ground temperature in Death Valley is 201 degrees. In the winter and most nights the temperature can drop to almost zero degrees. The name Death Valley really doesn’t give the valley any justice because there are over a thousand plants that grow there. There are nine surrounding valleys and mountain ranges around Death Valley. Two of these are the Black Mountains and the Funeral Mountains which lie east of Death Valley. Amargosa Valley is one of Death Valley’s neighboring valley’s which lie’s near also. There is a lot of geology history with Death Valley. Death Valley was created mostly by powerful forces from water, wind and gravity. Also the heat and pressures from the earth have formed it, too. Tilting, faulting and erosion have a big part in the earths surface in Death Valley, too. Even today Death Valley is still being formed by earthquakes, and the earth is constantly eroding to form new basins and ranges in Death Valley. Here are a few references that I found on the internet: www.death-valley.us, http://earthview.sdsu.edu,... Free Essays on Death Valley Free Essays on Death Valley Death Valley By: Kandis Jessee I am doing my presentation on Death Valley. It is located in California and it’s the driest, hottest place on earth. Death Valley was established in February 11th of 1933. In my presentation I will be covering four main points: Basic Information, The Surrounding Mountains, The Geology of Death Valley, and Interesting Facts. Death Valley is the lowest point on the western coast of the United States. It is two-hundred and eighty-two feet below sea level. There are nine mountain ranges that surround Death Valley. With 3.4 million acres of the park it is labeled as the biggest national park in the United States. The temperatures in Death Valley are excruciating. In the summer months, which range from May until October, the temperature gets up in the hundreds. In 1913 the highest temperature was recorded at an all time high of 134 degrees. Normal ground temperature in Death Valley is 201 degrees. In the winter and most nights the temperature can drop to almost zero degrees. The name Death Valley really doesn’t give the valley any justice because there are over a thousand plants that grow there. There are nine surrounding valleys and mountain ranges around Death Valley. Two of these are the Black Mountains and the Funeral Mountains which lie east of Death Valley. Amargosa Valley is one of Death Valley’s neighboring valley’s which lie’s near also. There is a lot of geology history with Death Valley. Death Valley was created mostly by powerful forces from water, wind and gravity. Also the heat and pressures from the earth have formed it, too. Tilting, faulting and erosion have a big part in the earths surface in Death Valley, too. Even today Death Valley is still being formed by earthquakes, and the earth is constantly eroding to form new basins and ranges in Death Valley. Here are a few references that I found on the internet: www.death-valley.us, http://earthview.sdsu.edu,...

Ludwig von Bertalanffy Systems Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ludwig von Bertalanffy Systems Theory - Essay Example "It is frequently noticed that general aspects, view points as well as isomorphic laws exists in different fields, irrespective of the nature of entities involved. Thus, there appears to exist a general system law. Conventional physics define itself only as a closed system, i.e. systems which exist as isolated from their environment. But, systems by their nature and definition are not closed one, but an open one. Every living being is an open system and it maintains its life in a continuous inflow and outflow, a building up and breaking down. Only in recent years, to include open system into physics has been considered. Open system theory was advocated by this theory. Modern theory of communication is another development of the system theory. The main idea behind communication theory is information and in many cases the flow of information can be elicited by the reaction. Another way of measuring information is in terms of decisions. The second concept of theory of communication is that of feedback. Diffusion is the process which communicates innovation to members of social system through certain channels. Otherwise, diffusion of innovation studies how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology are spread through cultures. Everett M. Rogers theorized in his book, Diffusion of Innovation, 1962 that innovations would spread through society in an S curve. Roger was of opinion that people's attitude towards a new technology, idea, product, or practice will be accepted by society members. "Given that decisions are not authoritative or collective, each member of the social system faces his/her own innovation-decision that follows a 5-step process - Knowledge, Persuasion, Decision, Implementation and Confirmation." (Orr G., 18 Mar 2003) The innovation-decision theory is based on a cost-benefit analysis. An individual's innovation-decision is largely depended on their personal characteristics. Diffusion scholars divided system member innovativeness into five divisions based on how early they adopt new changes than other members. They are: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards. The innovators are easily excited by the possible benefits and their opinion regarding new idea helps the potential adopters. Here, the well informed leader communicates their acceptance or non acceptance based on their experiences to the rest of the society members. Mass media seems to be a powerful tool to have a direct and immediate effect on the mass audience. But, according to diffusion theory, since the opinion leaders are the direct encouraging agents of an innovation, a powerful way for changing the agents to affect the diffusion of an innovation is to affect

Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Policy - Essay Example Hence, the department has decided to come up with a program whose main aim is to educate members of the public on the importance of food safety. This program fits in the mission of my department in a number of ways. The main goal of my department is to protect all consumers who purchase fresh of processed farm produce in various outlets in the country. Hence, providing them with all relevant information on what they are supposed to do or check while making their purchases is very important. Furthermore, my department ensures that all products in the market are inspected and labeled before being offered for sale (Lancet 1). In relation to this, food borne illnesses cases have greatly increased in this 21st century (Food Drug and Administration 1). Therefore, my department has come up with various policies that aim at combating this threat. Firstly, it is the role of the agriculture department to ensure that consumers of both fresh and processed farm produce are protected. This is the reason why my department ensures that all products are inspected and labeled. Secondly, the department is also supposed to play the role of educating all consumers on the importance of food safety in their households. From a recent study, most households are affected by food borne illness. Most of them are not ignorant, but they lack they required information on what they are supposed to do or check when making their purchases. Hence, creating awareness on this issue will help to combat this threat. This new program aims at creating awareness in all states on issues related to food safety. The department plays it role by ensuring that all products offered for sale are inspected and labeled properly. However, most consumers lack information on issues that come up with issues of food poisoning. Therefore, my department wants to enhance public education as well as outreach

Handwashing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Handwashing - Essay Example The level of the target audience also influences the teaching plan. There are varied formats of teaching plans, below is a formal teaching plan regarding environmental issues. The time allowed should be indicated in the plan. This facilitates management of time and ensuring maximum utilization of the allocated and extra time. The time factor is important in formulating the entire teaching plan. In creation of a realistic timeline of the plan the following strategic points should be considered. The list of required materials should include materials that should aid the teacher in explaining the topic. Materials to be used may include illustration charts showing graphical explanations about environmental issues affecting the community. Short films can also be used to explain through visual and audio recordings of the topic. The plan should include various categories of objectives. Behavioral objectives are the things the community or the targeted audience should be able to do at the end of the lesson(s).knowledge objectives includes what the community or students have learnt about environmental issues. The tutor should formulate a test to gauge the amount of information acquire by his/her audience. The objectives are guided by the following questions; The instructional component of the plan includes sequence of events that builds the environmental issues lesson. This includes the tutor’s own instructions about the topic under discussion. Introduction of this section can be through questions to gauge the understanding of the community about issues affecting the environment. The plan ought to include independent practices for the community to extend their skills in the environmental field of study. The practices may vary according to the demographics of the community’s setup. They may include practical lessons on preventing environmental degradations amongst other issues. The summary of the plan

American history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

American history - Assignment Example (Johnson 100). The Townshend Act of 1767 was then proposed to raise an indirect tax on some articles. The only tax under the Townshend Act that was successful was tax on tea. This fueled political crises from various colonies. This resistance from the various acts and the colonists irritation of the constant presence of the British soldiers showed their determination to gain their independence from the British. In 1770, a serious war struck which became known as the Boston Massacre. Sons of Liberty movement led this battle. This was a significant turn of events as it raised issues concerning the British oppression of their colonies. This massacre inspired revolutions against the British. Following the massacre, the British passed the Coercive act that led to the colonist deviate from resisting the various policies imposed and instead resisting the British government. This was a serious revolution declared by the colonists. (Johnson 104). Various committees emerged outside Massachusetts in support through direct assistance and boycotting British commerce. These colonies showed their determination in 1775 when they fought against the British who tried to seize supplies and arrest leaders in Levington and Concord. In 1776, these organizations fought the British forces in the famed Bunker Hill battle. This was war for the colonists (Johnson 100). The British withdrew from Boston in 1776 when a revolt broke to rescue George Washington. He was captured by the British government after appearing in the Second Continental Congress in uniform. This marked the beginning of America’s independence from the British. The downfall for the British Government was inevitable when their troops split to cover a wider area. They were overpowered by their and this saw many colonists gain back their freedom by overpowering the British. France joined the Americans in their war. Their joint effort saw the end of the war on the land against the British (Johnson 115). The first

Exchange rate policies suitable for developing countries

Exchange rate policies suitable for developing countries Exchange rate is one of the central factors that influence the monetary policies in developing countries. A country can choose to make use of a fixed exchange rate (Single or Multi-currency peg), intermediate regime like (Adjustable or Crawling peg) or adopt a flexible exchange rate depending upon the supply rate of money and her monetary self-sufficiency. In any developing country where institutions are weak, the exchange rates are generally determined by relaying in comparative measures with currencies from other sound economies. In this essay attempt is, to look at the options available to developing countries in deciding what exchange policy might be most suitable for them .The effects of adopting dollarization or currency unions in developing countries will also be examined. According to the IMF approximately 85% of developing countries had fixed exchange-rate arrangements  [1]  before the collapse of Bretton Woods fixed system. A sharp shift of exchange rate systems was obs erved when fixed exchange rate system collapsed in 1970. The purposes of an exchange regimes is to have a sustainable current account deficit, trade competitiveness, keeping inflation in check, to have high employment and achieve microeconomic efficiency in resources to maximize income levels. But empirical observations reveal that there are many trade-offs between these objectives. Floating exchange rate is where the government do not have an exchange rate target. It allows the economy to pursue an independent monetary policy strategy such as inflation targeting and the market determines the exchange rate level. The regime helps to facilitate real adjustment. Exchange rate movement provides a buffer against real shocks that may arise from adverse terms of trade development for developing countries. There are two types of floating rates an independent float and lightly managed float available for consideration. The difference between the two exchange rates is that independent float its operated freely with no intervention from the monetary authority and the exchange rate will determine the supply and demand but in lightly managed exchange rate system their will be occasional intervention direct and indirect from the monetary policy to moderate excessive fluctuation. In recent years many developing countries have adopted market determine floating system. They include Uganda in mid 1982, Uruguay in late 1982 that was followed by Dominican Republic in 1985. As Friedman argued in the early 1950s,if prices move slowly, it is both faster and less costly to move the nominal exchange rate in response to a shock that requires an adjustment in the real exchange rate  [2]   There is also an argument against floating exchange rate policy for developing countries know as fear of floating as labeled by Calvo and Reinhart (2002)  [3]  . It is argued that floating exchange causes rapid movement often undesirable, in real exchange rates. Inflation targeting under floating system is problematic given the fiscal dominance and weak financial system in developing countries. For example Brazil faced problems in inflation targeting under floating exchange policy due to the volatility nature in exchange rate brought as effected by external shock and expectations. Its currency in 1999 depreciated from R$ 1.20 to R$ 2.06  [4]  Other examples are of Indonesia and Thailand that displayed considerable instability in the 1970s and 1980s. The huge fluctuation caused by volatility of the nominal exchange rates, which in turn may be caused by the increased volatility of capital flows.  [5]  As the diagram shows below  [6]  : www.fondad.org/uploaded/%20Imbalances/Fondad-imbalances-Part3.pdf Fixed exchange rate policy is another policy where central banks will protect exchange rate. In this case, policy maker will allow value of currency to move within certain band limit with reference to other country or basket of currency, that is usually their leading trading partner. It is seen as an anchor against inflation that is important for a developing country that have tendency to hyper inflate. Furthermore if nominal shocks prevail in an economy, fixed exchange rate regime can accommodate money demand or supply shocks while minimising output volatility in a country. That helps to bring a more stable environment for international trade and also benefits from investment due to absence of a currency risk premium. For example China operates under a fixed exchange rate regime and has benefited from the competitiveness that its goods have, due to its currency being undervalued and not being allowed to appreciate. It resulted in an increase of foreign exchange reserves to $514.54 billion for China. The drawback from a fixed exchange rate is that central bank will lose last resort lending power. Central bank lending activities will only be effective if the backing of a credible institutional setting is available. Therefore, even if adopting a regime that allows the central bank to print money, a non-credible banking rescue operation is likely to trigger inflationary expectations and increase the probability of observing a devaluing currency. This is due to exhaustion of reserves and collapse of the fixed exchange rate system implying a big political cost for the policy makers as evident by Bretton Wood fixed exchange rate system collapse in 1970. Given the problems of both fixed and floating exchange rate systems countries have tried to adopt various intermediate regimes in an effort to combine the advantages of the two systems. It is where country can either use adjustable peg system or crawling peg regime that both defend the peg. But the only difference is that under adjustable peg monetary policy can alter the exchange rate and crawling peg reserves the right to change the peg in steps, which are small but discretionary in size and timing. The pegs allow country to maintain stability and competitiveness. On the basis to reduce inflation by moderating inflation, a problem faced by many developing countries. As Williamson (2000) has argued that such intermediate regimes could, in principle, allow countries to reap the benefits of fixed and flexible regimes without incurring some of their costs.  [7]   This intermediate regime also faces problems such as currency crisis if the country is open to international capital markets and is seen to encourage foreign debt. For example Argentina and Chile who implemented crawling peg regime in mid 1960s to deal with high inflation, managed to relax the balance of payment constraint and experienced acceleration in economic growth  [8]  . There are also adverse effects related to crawling pegs regime in the form of inflation as evident in Argentina that saw inflation around 30% per year and Colombia whos inflation around 5-10% before crawling pegs to 25% after crawling pegs was implemented by the late 1970s and early 1980s  [9]  . This would impact country growth as Khan and Senhadji estimated that inflations negative impact on growth in for developing economies that seems to happen for inflation rates exceeding 11-12%  [10]   Countries with macro economic instability can adopt alternative currency such as dollar known as Dollarization. The adopting of dollarization will help bring credibility to the countrys financial system, remove currency risk, eliminate currency mismatching and stop exchange rate attacks due to mismatching currency that causes adverse balance sheet affects of large devaluation. Countries have options where they can adopt a Full Dollarization system that would mean country would surrender its ability to issue currency like Panama and Ecuador in 2000. They can also adopt a Partial Dollarization if a country is suffering from high inflation and there is a history of economic instability like Bolivia, Peru and Uruguay in 1980  [11]  . In circumstances where there are monetary weaknesses, instability and loss of confidence, Investors would be reluctant to invest in that economy, as they would like to hold safer assets. Dollar is more dominant and creditable as U.S Federal Reserve backs it. Therefore removing speculations or hedging against currency is not possible. Dollarization attracts Foreign Currency Deposits that stops any reverse capital flights. Thus by adopting the currency of a credible economy, a country is effectively tackling the inflation bias problem studied by Barro and Gordon (1983)  [12]  . For example Ecuador contracted -7.3% in 1999, saw its economy grow by 2.3% in 2000, the year dollarization occurred and 5.6% in 2001  [13]  . The costs of dollarization are, the loss of independent monetary policy, lack of a lender of last resort (and thus the need for additional dollar assets), and the loss of seignior age. Currency union is similar to dollarization with minor difference, as some countries keep their own currency. Members of currency union surrender their monetary independence for significant trade increase and stable exchange rates. Countries benefit at a micro level due to sharing of currency. That brings a deeper integration of financial sector, as they are sharing single money like those operating under the Franc Zone in Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) and West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). Research indicates that there is no clear choice on what exchange rate regime works best for developing countries. As one exchange rate might be beneficial for one country but could be problematic for another. It is because all countries have different policy objectives and different economic environment. As important consensus on the choice of exchange rate regimes is that no single exchange rate regime is best for all countries or at all times (Frankel 1999, Mussa 2000)  [14]  . Exchange rate policy has its benefits like it absorb adverse shocks, brings credibility, ease currency attacks by adopting alternative currency and currency unions that increase trade. But there are tradeoffs when country joins an exchange rate policy, such as losing monetary independence. Furthermore the country would need to look at whether it has adequate financial system in place to deal with shocks. The choice of policy would be determined by what macroeconomic factors are given more weight. Words: 1592 Refrences: Books Micheal G. Hall, (2005), New Developments of The Exchange Rate Regimes In Developing Countries, The Political Role of The Banking Sector, P87 Subrata Ghatak, Josà © Roberto Sà ¡nchez-Fung, (2007), Monetary Economics In Developing, 3rd Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, P139, P176, P192, Internet www.worldbank.org/afr/wps/wp16.pdf www.carnegie-rochester.rochester.edu/April04-pdfs/regimes_cr.pdf www.fondad.org/uploaded/%20Imbalances/Fondad-imbalances-Part3.pdf (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v90y2000i2p71-75.html ideas.repec.org/p/unc/g24pap/5.html http://www.mindspring.com/~tbgray/dollar.htm Journals Anoop Singh, Agnà ¨s Belaisch, Charles Collyns, Paula De Masi, Reva Krieger, Guy Meredith, and Robert Rennhack, (2005), Stabilization and Reform in Latin America A Macroeconomic Perspective on the Experience Since the Early 1990s, P80

options on company telephone services :: essays research papers

Introduction There are many different options companies have when decided on what type if telephone service to use. The size and needs of the company will usually determine the communications needed to run an organized operation. Another factor in choosing what type of telecommunications a company will need is what type of business does the company deal with. For example, is the company a telemarketing service, a customer service company for bank, or a consulting firm; plus, what are the majority of calls pertaining to and the time frame of each call? Are the telephone calls from customers needing to know where the nearest bank or ATM is or are they important clients wanting an estimate on a construction project that is underway. These are a few of the important items to look over before choosing the telecommunication that are right for you company. I work at a company called VTN Nevada. It is an engineering, survey, architecture, planning, and construction management consulting firm. We do consulting work for many large companies in Las Vegas Valley. We do a lot of communicating with clients, construction project manager, and the entities, such as, City of Las Vegas, City of Henderson, City of North Las Vegas, Clark County, and Nye County. The need for good communication is mandatory in order to get the project done to the clients desires, as well as, meeting the needs of the entities that the projects are located within. VTN Nevada uses many different forms of communications from conference calls to e-mails, but nothing is better than a face to face meeting in order to straight out major issues. Body The system that is currently in place at VTN Nevada is the PBX, otherwise known as Private Branch eXchange. The PBX allows VTN to create extensions to connect to each other, as well as, to the public network. The system is set up to allow a person to dial the main office line and get the first receptionist, Rita. Rita, will then direct the caller to the person that they are trying to reach. If the caller wants to contact one of the directors of the company, they will be transferred to the director secretary, Marti. Then, Marti will transfer the caller to the intended recipient of the call, take a message, or transfer the caller to the intended’s voice mail. Rita will at the main number has the same

Comparison of Necrosis and Apoptosis Essay

Discuss the similarities and differences between the two types of cell death, Necrosis and Apoptosis. Both necrosis and apoptosis are the two types of cell death than can occur when a cell has undergone harm or disease. Necrosis is an uncontrolled process in which there is a complete breakdown of cellular homeostatis with a large unco-ordinates breakdown of all cellular constituents. Necrosis can occur due to many factors such as an infection or failure of blood supply (ischemia). Examples of necrosis can includes Fat necrosis (seen in patients with breast cancer), Caseous necrosis and coagulation necrosis (common in TB patients). On the other hand, Apoptosis is a controlled process, which is often referred to as ‘programmed cell death’ and involves the cell undergoing a sequence of events to eliminate harmful cells without releasing harmful substances to the area. Apoptosis can undergo 2 pathways, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. When looking at the morphological features related to necrosis, compared to that of apoptosis, it can be seen that necrosis has a loss of membrane integrity, and the uncontrollable process eventually eats away at the cells core membrane, whilst apoptosis deals with the membrane by ‘blebbing’ the plasma, yet leaving the membrane in tact. No vesicle’s are formed for necrosis compared to apoptosis where there are some membrane bound vesicles. Necrosis undergoes total lysis (death) and the term ‘karylolysis’ is given for when the cells nucleus dies, although apoptosis is known to be a programmed form of cell death, the mechanisms highlight that the cells are fragmented into smaller bodies and the body naturally removes them, without causing an inflammatory response, compared to necrosis where an inflammatory response is created. Biochemical features include the need of ATP for apoptosis to occur, yet necrosis can happen freely without any form of energy supplied. DNA is randomly digested and the death is some what ‘random’ and unorganised, affecting neighbouring tissue (secondary), whilst that of apoptosis involves oligonucleosomal fragmentation of DNA, penetrating the nuclesome rarther that digestion. The intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis shows the release of  cytochrome C to occur by cytoplasm, eventually helping the cell, where as necrosis produces no beneficial products after performing cell death. To conclude, both necrosis and apoptosis are forms of cell death. Whilst one is an uncontrollable process, involving random and lethal harm to cells and surrounding tissues, one is somewhat ‘programmed’ and benefits the cells by removing those that have been affected by an injurious stimuli (such as an infection of lack of blood). Necrosis is a ‘messy’ process producing gross matter, whilst apoptosis releases useful content back into the body. Morpholical and biochemical features are highlight the main differences between both forms of cell death, and as these continue to be performed silently within our body, they can cause either good, or bad consequences.